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Zürich IPA [ˈtsyːrɪç] (in English often Zurich, which is also the standard French form of the name) is the largest city in Switzerland (population 364,558 in 2002; as agglomeration 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. The city is Switzerland's main commercial centre, and home to the country's largest airport. It is also home of the Cabaret Voltaire where the Dada movement began in 1916
The origin of the name is most likely the Celtic word Turus, a corroborating reference to which was found on a tomb inscription dating from the Roman occupation in the 2nd century AD. The Roman name for the town was Turicum and in the local dialect it is called Züri IPA [ˈtsyrɪ].
Situated where the river Limmat leaves the Lake Zürich, surrounded by wooded hills. The river Sihl meets with the Limmat at the end of Platzspitz, which borders the Swiss National Museum (Landesmuseum).
Numerous lake side settlements from the Neolithic and Bronze age were found, like Zürich Pressehaus and Zürich Mozartstrasse.
In Roman times, Turicum was a tax collecting point for goods entering the imperial province of RaetiaThe Roman Empire ca. 120 AD Raetia (so always in inscriptions; classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia , in ancient geography, a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country of the Helvetii, on the east by Noricum, on the no by river. The earliest record of the town's name is preserved on a tombstone found in the 18. century on Lindenhof, referring to the roman castle as STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis).
A carolingianThe Carolingians were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdom from the Merovingian dynasty in 751. The name Carolingian itself comes from the castle, built on the site of the roman castle by the grandson of CharlemagneCharlemagne (c. 2nd of April, 747 28th of January, 814) (or Charles the Great in German Karl der Grosse in Latin Carolus Magnus giving rise to the adjective form 'Carolingian'), was king of the Franks from 771 to 814, nominally King of the Lombards, and H, Louis the GermanLouis the German (also known as Louis II ( 804 September 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Irmengarde, was ruler of Eastern Francia from 817 until his death. His early years were partly spent at the court of his gr, is mentioned in 835Events Ragnar Lodbrok rises to power (approximate date) The celebration of All Saints is made an obligation throughout the Frankish Empire and fixed on November 1. Viking raid of Dorestad. Births Deaths November 27 Muhammad at-Taqi, Shia Imam Kukai founde ("in castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci"). Louis also founded the Fraumünster abbey in 853Events A Byzantine fleet destroys Damiette (in Egypt) Births Deaths 853. for his daughter Hildegard. He endowed the benedictineThe longest lasting of the western Catholic monastic orders, the Benedictine Order traces its origins to the adoption of the monastic life by St. Benedict of Nursia ( Norcia) in 529. Benedict, founder of the monastery of Monte Cassino between Naples and R convent with the lands of Zürich, UriUri can mean: Canton of Uri a Canton of Switzerland a personal name for example, Uri Geller Uri Party the name of a political party in South Korea URI (cars), the Namibian carmarket is with capitals, but it isn't an acronym URI is a three letter acronym,, and the Albis forest, and granted the convent immunity, placing it under his direct authority.
In 1045, king Henry III granted the convent the rights to hold markets, collect tolls, and the coinage prerogative and thus effectively made the abbess the ruler of the city.
Zürich became reichsunmittelbar in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the Zähringer family. Emperor Frederick II promoted the abbess of the Fraumünster to the rank of a duchess in 1234. The abbess assigned the mayor, and she frequently delegated the coinage prerogative to citizens of the city. However, the political power of the convent would slowly wane in the 14th century, beginning with the establishment of the Zunftordnung ( guild laws) in 1336 by Rudolf Brun (d. 1360), who also became the first independent mayor, i.e. not assigned by the abbess.
The Codex Manesse, a major source of medieval german poetry, was written and illustrated in the early 14th century in Zürich.
Zürich joined the Swiss confederation (which at that point was a loose confederation of independent states) as the fifth member in 1351. Zürich was expelled from the confederation in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zürich War). Zürich was defeated in 1446, and re-admitted to the confederation in 1450.
Zwingli started the Swiss reformation at the time when he was the main preacher in Zürich. He lived there from 1518 until his death in 1531.