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Born Zhào Bǐng (趙昺) to Emperor Gong , he was the younger brother of his predecessor, Duanzong. He became King Xin (信王) in 1274. Two years later, he received the titles of King Guang (廣王) and King Wei (衛王). He was enthroned at Gangzhou on May 10, 1278. His era name was Xiángxing (祥興).
A year later, at the end of the Battle of Yamen, an official carried him and jumped off a boat in an act of defiance to the Mongol invaders at Mount Ya (厓) at the mouth of the West River.
Song Dynasty emperors