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The island is roughly square with diameter of about 5 kilometers and a peak elevation of 551 meters above sea level. The volcano Mount Curry dominates the western side of the island while the eastern half is a low-lying lava plain. Mount Curry is believed to be active with fresh lava reported in 1830 and numerous indications of activity since.

Despite being the northernmost of the South Sandwich Islands and nearest to South Georgia, Zavodovski Island is uninhabited.

Zavodovski Island was discovered and named by the Russian Antarctic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1819.

The island is home to around a million pairs of breeding chinstrap penguins, making it one of the world's largest penguin colonies.