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It was originally proposed to be on the 15th of Nisan, the anniversary of the Warsaw ghetto uprising ( April 19, 1943), but this was objected to as being the first day of Passover. Instead, the 27th was chosen, being eight days before Yom Ha'atzma'ut, or Israeli Independence Day.
Yom Ha'SHoah is memorialized by a simultaneous sounding of air raid sirens that blare on for two minutes all over Israel.