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A xylem vessel element is an elongated cell that dies once it has functionally matured. When the interior of a xylem vessel element disintegrates, the thickened cell wall remains, forming a nonliving passage for the flow of water. Vessel elements form in plant parts that no longer elongate. Vessel elements are usually wider, shorter, thinner walled, and less tapered than tracheids. Vessel elements are aligned end to end, forming long micropipes, the vessels of xylem. The end walls of vessel elements are perforated, enabling water to flow through vessels.