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His family were Polish and his mother was visiting Mlec , Austria when William was born. The family emigrated to the USA in 1910 and settled in Chicago, William earning his doctorate from the university in 1931, under W.D. MacMillan . He taught at Pennsylvania State College before joining United States Naval ObservatoryThe United States Naval Observatory USNO is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States. It is located in Washington, D. It is one of the very few observatories located in an urban area (when it was initially constructed, there was no conce in 1936Events January-February January 15 The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 20 Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His son Edward VIII succeedes him as King of th, working under Paul Sollenberger and Gerald Clemence in the time service department.

Marrying Rosalyn Shulemson in 19431943 is the common year starting on Friday. Events January January 4 End of term for Culbert Olson, 29th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Earl Warren. January 11 The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China. January 1, Markowitz eventually became director of the department and developed ephemeris timeEphemeris Time ET is the time scale used in ephemerides of celestial bodies, in particular the Sun (as observed from the Earth), Moon, planets, and other members of the solar system. This is distinct from Universal Time UT : the time scale based on the ro, proposed by Simon NewcombSimon Newcomb ( March 12, 1835 July 11, 1909) was an astronomer and mathematician. Born the city of Wallace, Nova Scotia, Newcomb appears to have enjoyed no formal education beyond his short apprenticeship to a charlatan herbalist in 1851. Life Son of Emi in the 19th centuryAlternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical ( 18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801- 1900. Events The Little Ice Age ended, as an international time standard. He subsequently worked with Louis EssenLouis Essen ( September 6, 1908 August 24, 1997) was an English physicist whose most notable achievements were in the precise measurement of time and the determination of the speed of light. Early work Born in Nottingham, Essen earned his degree in physic in EnglandEngland is the largest, the most populous, and the most densely populated of the four " Home Nations" which make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Occupying the south-eastern portion of the island of Great Britain, England to calibrate the newly developed atomic clocks in terms of the ephemeris second. The fundamental frequency of caesium atomic clocks, 9,192,631,770  Hz, which they determined, has defined the second internationally since 1967. At the International Astronomical Union (IAU) meeting in Dublin in 1955 he proposed a system which remains today.

He served as President of the IAU commission on time from 1955 to 1961, and was active in the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics , the American Geophysical Union, and the International Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Second .

After retirement in 1966, Markowitz served as professor of physics at Marquette University until 1972, and also held a post at Nova Southeastern University . He died in Pompano Beach, Florida