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Born in Butler County, Ohio, Irwin graduated from Marietta College [1] in Marietta, Ohio, where he would later become an instructor. After moving to California, Irwin worked in various private industries and was eventually elected to the California State Assembly. He became the editor of a newspaper and then was elected to the California State Senate. He served as President pro Tempore of the Senate and as such, became acting lieutenant governor in 1875 when Lieutenant Governor Romualdo Pacheco became governor. Irwin was elected governor in his own right that same year.
| Preceded by: Romualdo Pacheco | Governors of California | Succeeded by: George PerkinsGeorge Clement Perkins (August 23, 1839 February 26, 1923) was Governor of California from January 8, 1880 to January 10, 1883. From 1893 until 1915 he served in the United States Senate. Perkins, George Clement Perkins, George Clement Perkins, George Cle |
| Preceded by: Romualdo Pacheco | Lieutenant Governors of California | Succeeded by: James A. Johnson |