Home > William I of Scotland

Traditionally, William founded Arbroath Abbey, the site of the later Declaration of Arbroath. He became known as "the Lion" because of his flag or standard, a red lion rampant on a yellow background. This went on to become the Royal standard of Scotland; the British Monarch when in Scotland still uses it today. The rampant lion also forms part of the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom.

William also arranged the Auld Alliance, the first treaty for mutual self-defence between nations. Scotland, France, and NorwayThe Kingdom of Norway is a Nordic country west of Sweden on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It has a very elongated form and has an extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean, where Norway's famous fjords are found. In addition to Sweden, it borders R subscribed to the treaty. Although Norway never took much part in it, it played a role in Franco-Scottish (and English) affairs until 1746Events January 8 Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling April 16 Battle of Culloden brings an end to the Jacobite Risings October 22 The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896) October 28 An earthquake demolishes Lima a.

William also inherited the title of Earl of NorthumbriaNorthumbria was one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England, named because it was to the north of the River Humber. It was one of the Heptarchy. The name survives as an alternative description for North East England, which formed the heartland of the Kingd in 1152Events March 4 Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans Eleanor of Aquitaine has her marriage to Louis VII annulled May 18 Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry of Anjou Church of Ireland acknowledges Pope's authority Almohad Dynasty conquers Al. However he had to give up this title to King Henry II of EnglandHenry II ( March 25, 1133 July 6, 1189), ruled as Duke of Anjou and as King of England ( 1154 1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. His sobriquets include "Curt Mantle" (because of the pract in 1157Events Births 8 September Richard I of England Deaths August 21 Alfonso VII, king of Castile (b. 1104/ 5) Heads of states England Henry II Curt Mantle, King of England (reigned 1154 1189). France Louis VII, King of France (reigned 1137 1180).. This caused trouble after William became king, since he spent a lot of effort trying to regain Northumbria.

William was a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174The Revolt of 1173-1174 was a rebellion against Henry II of England by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine and rebel supporters. It lasted 18 months and ended in the revolt's failure: Henry's rebellious family members had to resign themselves against Henry II. In 1174Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. Henry II of England acknowledges Rosamund Clifford as his mistress. Revolt of 1173-1174 against Henry II of England ends with defeat of the rebels. William I of Scotland is captured by Henry II, during a raid in support of the revolt William was captured by Henry's troops and taken in chains to Northampton, and then transferred to Falaise in Normandy. Henry then sent an army to Scotland and occupied it. As ransom and to regain his kingdom, William had to acknowledge Henry as his feudal superior and agree to pay for the cost of the English army's occupation of Scotland by taxing the Scots. This he did by signing the Treaty of Falaise . He was then allowed to return to Scotland.

The Treaty of Falaise remained in force for the next fifteen years. At the end of that time the new English king, Richard the Lionheart, agreed to terminate it in return for 10,000 silver marks. Richard needed the money to take part in the Third Crusade.

William died in Stirling in 1214 and lies buried in Arbroath Abbey. His son, Alexander II, succeeeded him as king.