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He joined the German Wood Workers' Federation in 1894, and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1895. He became disillusioned with the party leaderships's cooperation with conservative forces during World War I, and was an early member of the Spartacist League, and a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany.

He fled Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and after East Germany was created in 19491949 is the common year starting on Saturday. see link for calendar) Events January-February January 4 RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 February 22 Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming,, he became its first full-time presidentPresident is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a "president" is one who presides, who sits in leadership (from Latin prae "before" + sedere "to sit"). Originally, the term usually referr, a role he held until his death in BerlinBerlin [ bɛrˈliːn ] is the national capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. 5 million before World War II. Berlin is located on the rivers Spree and Havel in the northea in 1960.