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According to whole language philosophy, language should not be separated into component skills, but rather experienced as an integrated system of communication. Whole language has been characterized as encouraging children to guess at the pronunciation of words rather than focusing on phonics or memorization.
The components of a whole language literacy program include
Critics of "whole language" maintain that it is less effective than the traditional phonics-based approach. Proponents maintain that it does incorporate phonics. It has also been noted that non-alphabetic languages can only be taught "whole language", one pictogram or character at a time.