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According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, White Sheep Turkmen were present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and most White Sheep Turkmen leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Kara Osman , married Byzantine princesses.
The White Sheep Turkmen officially first acquired land in 1402, when Tamerlane granted them all of Diyar BakrDiyarbakir ( Syriac: ; and Kurdish: Amed correct Turkish spelling: Diyarbakir is a city in Turkey, situated on the banks of the River Tigris. with a population of 589,000 (2003). However it is estimated that including the slums surrounding the city the po, in northern Iraq. For a long time, the White Sheep Turkmen were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Black Sheep TurkmenThe Black Sheep Turkmen ( Arabic: Kara Konyunlu Turkish: Karakoyunlular were a Turkmen tribal federation that ruled what is today Azerbaijan and Iraq 1375 to 1468. The Black Sheep Turkmen were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz from ab kept them at bay. However, this changed with the rule of Uzun Hasan , who defeated the Black Sheep Turkmen leader, Jihan Shah , in 1467Events October 29 Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege Beginning of the Sengoku Period in Japan. Circa this year, polyalphabetic cipher invented by Leone Battista Alberti. Regent of Sweden Erik Axelsson Tott supports the re-election of depos.
After the defeat of a TimuridTimurid can refer to several entities, related to Timur: Timurid Dynasty Timurid Empire Timurid Emirates. leader, Abu Sai'd , Uzun Hasan was able to take BaghdadCapitals in Asia Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. It is the second largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran, with the 2003 population estimated at 5,772,000. Situated on the Tigris River at 33°20 north and 44°26 east, the city w, along with territories around the Persian GulfThe Persian Gulf ( Persian: , Arabic: ) is an extension of the Gulf of Oman in between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. This inland sea of some 233,000 kmē is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz, and its western end is marked. He expanded into Iran as far west as KhorasanKhorasan (also spelled Khurasan and Khorassan ( in Persian) is the largest province of Iran in area, located in eastern and northeastern Iran. The name Khorasan is Persian and is made up of parts which mean "where the sun arrives from". The name was given. However, around this time, the Ottoman Empire sought to expand westwards, a serious threat that forced the White Sheep Turkmen into an alliance with the Qaramanids of central Anatolia.
As early as 1464, Uzun Hasan had requested military aid from one of the Ottoman Empire's strongest enemies, Venice, however, despite Venetian promises, this aid never arrived, and as a result, Uzun Hasan was defeated by the Ottomans at Tercan in 1473, though this did not destroy the White Sheep Turkmen.
Ya'qub , who reigned from 1478 to 1490, sustained the dynasty for a while longer, but following his death the White Sheep Turkmen began to destroy themselves from within, and thanks to years of infighting, they ceased to be a threat to their neighbours.The Safavids, who were Shi'ites, began to undermine the alleigance of many White Sheep Turkmen, particularly Sunnis. The Safavids and the White Sheep Turkmen met in battle at Nakhichevan in 1501, and the Safavid leader Esma'il I forced the White Sheep Turkmen to withdraw.
In his retreat from the Safavids, the White Sheep Turkmen leader Alwand destroyed an autonomous White Sheep Turkmen state in Mardin . The last White Sheep Turkmen leader, Murad , brother of Alwand, was also defeated by the same Safavid leader. Though Murad briefly established himself in Baghdad in 1508, he soon withdrew back to Diyar Bakr, signalling the end of the White Sheep Turkmen.