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The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750. Ironically, the Quraishi clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies of Muhammad. Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib. Rather than relinquish his post, Muawiyah took up a rebellion against Ali. The two fought many battles, and eventually they agreed to partition the Muslim empire. However, Ali was assassinated in 661, and Muawiyah declared himself caliph of all Muslim lands. This established the Umayyad dynasty, the capital was moved to Damascus
The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.
1 Umayyad Rulers
1.1 The Umayyad Caliphs
- Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, 661- 680Events October 10 Battle of Kerbela November 12 The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn
- Yazid IYazid bin Muawiyah (c. 645 683) was the second Umayyad Caliph, and succeeded his father Muawiyah. He is most notoriously remembered for the Battle of Kerbela where the grandson of Muhammad, Husayn bin Ali was killed. Husayn wasn't the only eminent figure ibn Muawiyah, 680Events October 10 Battle of Kerbela November 12 The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn- 683Events Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( 680 683) succeeded by Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683 684) End of the reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Births Emperor Mommu of Japan Bilge Khan, emperor of the Gokturks I Sin, Chinese astronomer Deaths Po
- Muawiya II ibn Yazid, 683- 684
- Marwan I ibn Hakam, 684- 685
- Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685- 705
- al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik, 705- 715
- Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik, 715- 717
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717- 720
- Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 720- 724
- Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724- 743
- al-Walid II ibn Yazid II, 743- 744
- Yazid III ibn al-Walid, 744
- Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, 744
- Marwan II ibn Muhammad, 744- 750
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