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Ujjain was the traditional capital of King Vikramaditya, at whose court the navaratna (nine gems) of Sanskrit literature are said to have flourished. It marks the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is also reputed to have been the residence of Ashoka (who subsequently became the emperor), when he was the viceroy of the western provinces of the Maurya empire. It was invaded by the Delhi Sultanate lead by Iltutmish in 1235 causing widespread destruction and systematic desecration of temples.

Under Mughal emperor Akbar it became the capital of Malwa, and during the last half of the 18th century it was the headquarters of the Maratha leader SindhiaThe Sindhia family were the Maratha ruling family of Gwalior, a former princely state in north-central India. The dynasty was founded by Ranoji Sindhia, who the Maratha Peshwa, or chief minister, put in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726.. The Sindhias later established themselves at GwaliorGwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. It lies 76 miles (122 km) south of Agra with a population of 690,342. The City At the heart of Gwalior is its fortress, one of the most formidable in India. It occupies an isolated rock outcrop, and is surrounde, and Ujjain remained part of Gwalior state until Indian Independence in 1947Events January January 1 British mines nationalized January 1 Nigeria gains limited autonomy January 1 The Canadian Citizenship Act went into effect January 3 Proceedings of the United States Congress are televised for the first time. January 10 United Na. GwaliorGwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. It lies 76 miles (122 km) south of Agra with a population of 690,342. The City At the heart of Gwalior is its fortress, one of the most formidable in India. It occupies an isolated rock outcrop, and is surrounde state bacame a princely stateA princely state was a principality or kingdom in British India ruled by a local ruler, called a prince by the British (but who were truly kings). The princely states enjoyed local autonomy and had their own laws, languages, holidays, ministers, and monar of the British RajThe British Raj is an informal term for the period of British rule of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It lasted from 1858, when the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown, until after the Maratha defeat in the Third Anglo-Maratha WarThe Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India, which left Britain in control of most of India. It began with an invasion of Maratha territory by the British governor-general, Lor, and Gwalior, Ujjain, and the neighboring princely states were made a part of the Central India AgencyThe Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state. The Central India Agency was made up entirely of princely states, which were under native rulers. The agency was bordered. After Indian independence, the Sindhia ruler of Gwalior acceded to India, and Ujjain became part of the Madhya Bharat state. In 1956, Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh state.