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The 36th Infantry Division —also known as the Fighting 36th, the Lone Star Division, the Panther Division, or the Texas Division— is an infantry division of the United States Army National Guard. It was activated for service in World War II on November 25, 1940, and was sent overseas in April 1943 .
The 36th Infantry Division landed in North Africa, 13 April 1943, and trained at Arzew and Rabat. It first saw action, 9 September 1943, when it landed at Paestum on the Gulf of Salerno . The waiting enemy launched counterattacks, but the 36th advanced slowly, securing the area from Agropoli to Altavilla. After a brief rest the 36th returned to combat, 15 November. It captured Mount Maggiore , Mount Lungo , and the village of San Pietro despite strong enemy positions and severe winter weather. This grueling campaign was marked by futile attempts to establish a secure bridgehead across the Rapido River, 1 January to 8 February 1944. After assisting the 34th Division in the attack on Cassino and fighting defensively along the Rapido River, the 36th withdrew, 12 March 1944, for rest and rehabilitation. On 25 May, the Division landed at Anzio, drove north to capture Velletri, 1 June, and entered Rome on the 5th. Pushing up from Rome, the 36th encountered sharp resistance at Magliano , but reached Piombino, 26 June, before moving back to Paestum for rest and rehabilitation.
On 15 August, as part of the American 6th Army GroupThe 6th Army Group was an army group of the Allies (namely the United States Army) during World War II. It was created in Corsica, Italy (specifically activated on August 1, 1944) to consolidate the combined French and American forces that were planning t, the Division made another assault landing against light opposition in the Raphael- Frejus area of Southern FranceThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. in Operation DragoonDuring World War 2, Operation Dragoon ( Allies, 1944) was the invasion of southern France between Toulon and Cannes executed on 15 August, 1944. Originally called Anvil the name was changed by Winston Churchill, who claimed to having been "dragooned" into. A lightning dash opened the RhoneThe River Rhone ( Latin Rhodanus French Rhone Occitan Rose German Rotten is one of the major rivers (ca. 800 km [500 miles] long) of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. Course It rises near the Rhone glacier in Valais, Switzerland, in the Sain River Valley. Montelimar fell, 28 August, and large Nazi units were trapped. The 36th advanced to the Moselle RiverThe Moselle ( French Moselle German Mosel is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany, joining the Rhine river at Koblenz. Major affluents are the Ruwer and the Saar. The Moselle valley is famous for its beautiful scenery and the excellent w at Remiremont and the foothills of the Vosges. In a grinding offensive, the Division crossed the Meurthe River, breached the Ste. Marie Pass and burst into the Alsatian Plain s. The enemy counterattacked, 13 December, but the 36th held the perimeter of the Colmar Pocket . The German Army counterattacks out of the Colmar Pocket were so fierce, that at times, the field artillery was forced to fire over open sights, at point blank range to stop them. On the 20th the Division resumed the attack, advancing northward along the Rhine River to Mannheim meeting heavy resistance at Haguenau, Oberhofen, and Wissembourg. In this action Company "G" 143rd Infantry Regiment gained a Presidential Unit Citation.
The Division was taken out of the line for the first time since it had landed in the south of France. It returned to the in early March 1945. The 36th moved to the Danube, 22 April 1945, and attacked the "National Redoubt" at Kunzelsau on the 30th in its final action.
It was inactivated on 15 December 1945. The unit was commanded by Major General Fred Walker.