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Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in an aesthetic form on paper or some other media. Before the development of such late 20th century innovations as dot matrix and ink jet printers, printed material was produced in print shops.In spite of centuries of innovation, the principle of printing remains the same: either a particular part of the page is marked with ink, or it is not. This has remained true at the microscopic level even for halftone and four-colour printing . Typesetting is the technology of deciding which parts of the paper should be marked, and printing is the technology of making the marks. However, the two are not rigidly separated: for example, ink flows during the printing process, and type design has to take into account the dynamics of ink on paper.
With early printing presses, individual letters and characters were on blocks (usually of metal, sometimes of wood), which would be assembled for each page.
The setting of individual letters was rendered obsolete by hot-metal setting machines such as the Linotype machine.
1 The computer era
Computers are useful in automatically typesetting documents.
Character-by-character computer-aided photosetting replaced systems such as Linotype in the 1980s, and was in turn rapidly rendered obsolete by modern systems which employ a raster image processor to render an entire page to a single high-resolution digital image which is then photoset.
The TeX system is a widespread and powerful automatic typesetter.
2 See also
printing, printing pressThe printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. First invented in China in 1041, the printing press as we know it today was invented in the West by a German goldsmith and eventual printer, Johan, typographyTypography is art and technique of selecting and arranging type styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing for typeset applications. These applications can be phyiscal or digital. The two primary functions of typo, typefaceIn typography, a typeface is a co-ordinated set of character designs, which usually comprises an alphabet of letters, a set of numerals and a set of punctuation marks. There are also typefaces of Ideograms and symbols (e. mathematical or map making) In it, ligatureIn writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more letterforms are written or printed as a unit. Generally, ligatures replace characters that occur next to each other when they share common components. A letter with an accent mark is not usual, dingbatA dingbat is a ornament or spacer used in typesetting, sometimes more formally known as a "printer's ornament". The term supposedly originated as onomatopoeia in old style metal-type print shops, where extra space around text or illustrations would be fil, justification (typesetting)In typesetting, justification or alignment is the horizontal positioning and alignment of text or images within a line, typically relative to a column. In English and most European languages where words are read left-to-right, text is often left-justified, orphan (typesetting)In typesetting, an orphan is a word or the last line of a paragraph appearing at the top of a page, with the rest of the paragraph appearing on the preceding page. If the first line of a paragraph appears at the bottom of a page with the remainder appeari, widow (typesetting)In typesetting, a widow appears if the first line of a paragraph is appearing at the bottom of a page with the remainder appearing on the following page. If a word or the last line of a paragraph appears at the top of a page, with the rest of the paragrap
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