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The area is a mountain basin, ca. 600 m (2,000 ft) high, encircled by the Sayan and Tannu-Ola ranges. The eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland. The area includes the upper course of the Yenisei River. There are numerous glacial lakes.
Tuva, also known as Tannu Uriankhai, was controlled by the MongolsThe Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China, particularly Inner Mongolia. They currently number about 8. 5 million and speak the Mongol language. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by from the 13th12th century 13th century 14th century other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. Events Fourth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam Fall of to 18th17th century 18th century 19th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701- 1800; however, historians will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th Century as 1715- 89, centuries, then under ManchuThe Qing Dynasty ( Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: ; pinyin: qing chao; Wade-Giles: ch'ing ch'ao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrou rule from 1757Events March 14 On-board the HMS Monarch Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty. June 23 Indian Mutiny: Battle of Plassey 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj-ud-Dawlah at Pla to 1911. During the 1911 revolution in China, tsarist Russia fomented a separatist movement among the Tuvans, whose territory became nominally independent before being made a Russian protectorate in 1914.
The chaos accompanying the Russian Revolution of 1917 allowed the Tuvans to again proclaim their independence. In 1921 the Bolsheviks established a Tuvinian People's Republic, popularly called Tannu Tuva. It was annexed by the USSR in 1944 as an autonomous region and became an autonomous republic in 1961. It was a signatory to the March 31, 1992, treaty that created the Russian Federation.
The Republic of China did not officially recognize the Russian claim until the 1990s (along with the claim over Mongolia).