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It is subdivided into West Türkistan and East Türkistan.
West Türkistan was conquered by the Russian Empire, thus sometimes called Russian Türkistan . After the Russian Revolution, a Türkistan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union was created, which was eventually split into the Kazakh SSR ( Kazakhstan), Kyrgyz SSR ( Kyrgyzstan), Tajik SSR ( Tajikistan), Turkmen SSR ( Turkmenistan) and Uzbek SSR ( UzbekistanThe Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Ozbekiston Respublikasi ( In detail) National motto: none Official language Uzbek Capital Tash). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, these republics gained their independence.
East Türkistan, often called Chinese Türkistan , was conquered by the Manchu Empire and was named Ice Jecen or XinjiangXinjiang (; Pinyin: Xinjing; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; Wade-Giles: Hsin-chiang; literal meaning: "New Frontier") Uighur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, sometimes known as Chinese Turkestan or Eastern Turkestan Turkestan also spelt Turk (new frontier). It was taken over by the People's Republic of ChinaThe People's Republic of China PRC comprises most of the cultural, historic, and geographic area known as China. Since its founding in 1949, it has been led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is the world's most populous country, with a population by which it is now administered as the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.