Home > Treaty of London, 1913

The combatants were the victorious Balkan League ( Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro) and the defeated Turkey. Representing the Great Powers were Britain, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Italy.

Hostilities had ceased on December 2, 1912. Three principal points were in dispute:

• the status of Albania, which had been overrun by Serbia, Montenegro and Greece;
• the status of the Sanjak of Novi PazarThis page is about a region in Serbia and Montenegro; for districts of the Ottoman Empire, see Sanjak. Sandzak is used by Slavic Muslims to refer to a region of Serbia and Montenegro. Serbs prefere the term RaSka-Polimlje or simply RaSka. It derives its n, part of the Old Serbian territories of RaškaRaSka Raschka Rascia Rassa was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or zupa area ruled by a upan that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. The present RaSka is the area of south-central Ser and ZetaZeta was one of first Serb states, now Montenegro. It was named after the river Zeta. See also History of Montenegro Duklja. ( DukljaDuklja ( Latin: Doclea or Dioclea after the town of Dioclea) was a small medieval state located in today's Montenegro and northern Albania including the city of Shkoder. Doclea" the name of the region during the early period of the Roman Empire, was terme), formally under the protection of Austria-Hungary since the Treaty of BerlinThe name Treaty of Berlin is attached to four treaties: Treaty of Berlin, 1878 Treaty of Berlin, 1899 Treaty of Berlin, 1921 Treaty of Berlin, 1926. in 1878Events January Cleopatra's Needle arrives in London January 9 Humbert I becomes King of Italy January 23 Disraeli orders British fleet to Dardanelles January 28 The Yale News becomes the first daily, college newspaper in the United States. January 31 Turk;
• the status of the other conquered territories: KosovoKosovo and Metohija ( Serbian: Albanian: Kosova , usually called just Kosovo is an autonomous province of Serbia (which together with Montenegro constitutes Serbia and Montenegro). It is currently administered by the United Nations following the recent Ko, MacedoniaAlexander the Great, king of ancient Macedon, on the waterfront at Thessaloniki, capital of Greek Macedonia Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe with an area of around 67,000 square kilometres a and Thrace.

The Treaty had convened in London following an international conference which had opened in there in December 1912, in light of a declaration of independence by Albania on November 28, 1912.

Austria-Hungary and Italy strongly supported the creation of an independent Albania. In part, this was consistent with Austria-Hungary's previous policy of resisting Serb expansion to the Adriatic. Russia supported Serbia and Montenegro. Germany and Britain remained neutral. The balance of power struck between the members of the Balkan League had been on the assumption that Albania would be among the conquered lands shared between them.

The terms enforced by the Great Powers were:

• Albania was declared independent; with Serbia, Montenegro and Greece being obliged to withdraw their forces.
• The Sanjak of Novi Pazar was divided between Serbia and Montenegro.
• Serbia was allowed to retain Kosovo and received most of West Macedonia.
• Greece retained Macedonian coastal land to Thessaloniki.
• Bulgaria retained Thrace and the remainder of Macedonia.

As a result of the terms of the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War broke out between the combatants in June. A final peace was agreed at the Treaty of Bucharest on August 12, 1913.