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• total: 49,422 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA.
• standard gauge: 49,422 km 1.435-m gauge 4 feet 8½ inches (129 km electrified) (2002)

Cities with commuter train systems:

• Montreal, Quebec ( Trains de banlieue)
• Toronto, Ontario ( GO Transit)
• Vancouver, British Columbia ( West Coast Express)

Cities with metro or light rail systems:

• Calgary, Alberta
• Edmonton, Alberta
• Montreal, Quebec (the metro or métro)
• Ottawa, Ontario (the O-Train)
• Toronto, Ontario (operated by the TTC - Toronto Transit CommissionThe Toronto Transit Commission or TTC is a public transportation authority that operates buses, streetcars, and subway lines in Toronto, Ontario. At one time it operated trolley buses, but it ceased those operations in 1993. The TTC operates one of the mo)
• Vancouver, British Columbia ( SkyTrainThe SkyTrain in Vancouver, British Columbia Canada is an advanced light rapid transit system operating fully automated trains on 2 lines. The system uses the same technology (Linear induction motors) as the Scarborough RT in Toronto and the Putra LRT in K)

See also: Rail transport in CanadaCanada has a large and well developed railway system that today primarily transports freight. There are two major privately owned transcontinental freight railway systems, the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railway. Passenger service is provided b

Highways:

• total: 1.408 million km
• paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways)
• unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)

See Trans-Canada Highway

Waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports and harbors: Bécancour, Quebec ; Churchill, Manitoba; Halifax, Nova Scotia; Hamilton, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; New Westminster, British Columbia; Prince Rupert, British Columbia; Quebec City, Quebec; Saint John, New Brunswick; St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; Sept-Îles, Quebec; Sydney, Nova Scotia; Trois-Rivières, Quebec; Thunder Bay, Ontario; Toronto, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia; Windsor, Ontario

Merchant marine:

• total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,840,272 GRT or 2,740,864 DWT
• ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 61, cargo 11, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, rail car carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off 9, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2002 est.)
• note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes (1998 est.)

Airports: 1,389 (2002)

Airports - with paved runways:

• total: 507
• over 3,047 m: 18
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 149
• 914 to 1,523 m: 245
• under 914 m: 80 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

• total: 882
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73
• 914 to 1,523 m: 363
• under 914 m: 446 (2002)

Heliports: 12 (2002)

Somewhere it should be mentioned how the Canadian railway linking east and west Canada paralled the transcontinental railroad in the United States. Both of these were extremely important to the development of each country.

See also : Canada