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The vascular plants are those plants that have specialized cells for conducting water and sap within their tissues, including the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, but not mossThis is an article about the plant. For other uses, see Moss (disambiguation Andreaeidae Sphagnidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Archidiidae Moss is a type of simple or nonvascular plant, of the class Musci in the division Bryophyta, thaes, algaThe algae (singular is alga comprise several different groups of living things that produce energy through photosynthesis. They are generally regarded as simple plants, and some are related to the higher plants. Others represent independent lines of evolue, and the like ( nonvascular plantScientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (in part) Divisions Simple nonvascular plants Green algae Complex nonvascular plants Bryophyta mosses Hepatophyta liverworts Anthocerophyta hornworts Non-vascular plants are plants that lack water-conducting vesss). They are set apart in two important ways:
- Vascular plants have water-carrying tissues, termed tracheidTracheids are long tubular cells in the wooden parts of plants. Their function is to conduct water from the roots to the upper parts of the plants. Tracheids are located in the xylem, along with wood vessels. They are the most important water-conducting vs, in their tissues, enabling the plants to evolve larger and more elaborate structures, while non-vascular plants lack these and are restricted to relatively small sizes.
- In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyteA sporophyte is the diploid structure or phase of life of a sexually reproducing plant. Each living cell of the sporophyte contains two complete sets of chromosomes. The sporophyte is the dominant life form in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (flowerin, which is diploidDiploid cells have two copies of each somatic chromosome (non-sex chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father. Most somatic cells (body cells) of higher organisms are diploid or polyploid (three or more copies of each chromosome, oft with two sets of chromosomes per cell. In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyteA gametophyte is the haploid structure or phase of life of a sexually reproducing plant. Each cell of a gametophyte contains one complete set of chromosomes. The gametophyte can be the dominant part of the plant's life cycle as in mosses, or very reduced, which is haploidHaploid cells have only one copy of each chromosome. Most fungi, and a few algae exist as haploid organisms. Plants and other algae switch between a haploid and a diploid or polyploid state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. This is called with one set of chromosomes per cell. See also alternation of generations.
Vascular plants are occasionally grouped as a single division (Tracheophyta) or subkingdom (Tracheobionta), but neither is very common and both conflict with other common systems.
Capillary action and transpiration work to allow xylem carry water and sap upward toward the leaves from the roots, while the phloem tissue carries organic nutrients throughout the plant.
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