Home > Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy

• 1934 - Richard Tolman shows that black-body radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal
• 1941 - Andrew McKellar uses the excitation of CN doublet lines to measure that the "effective temperature of space" is about 2.3 K
• 1948 - George Gamow, Ralph Alpher , and Robert Herman predict that a Big Bang universe will have a black-body cosmic microwave background with temperature about 5 K
• 1955 - Tigran Shmaonov finds excess microwave emission with a temperature of roughly 3 K
• 1964 - A. G. Doroshkevich and Igor Dmitrievich Novikov write an unnoticed paper suggesting microwave searches for the black-body radiation predicted by Gamow, Alpher, and Herman
• 1965 - Arno Penzias, Robert WilsonRobert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American physicist. He won the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics, together with Arno Allan Penzias, for their 1964 accidental discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB (the prize for that y, Bernie Burke , Robert Dicke, and James Peebles discover the cosmic microwave background radiation
• 1966Events January January 1 In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bedel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. January 2 Strike of public transportation workers in New York City ends January 13 January 3 First Acid Test at the Fil - Rainer Sachs and Arthur Wolfe theoretically predict microwave background fluctuation amplitudes created by gravitational potentialIn physics, gravitational potential is the measure of potential energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field. It is :U GMm)/r where G is the universal gravitational constant, M and m are the masses of two objects and r is the di variations between observers and the last scattering surface (see Integrated Sachs Wolfe effectThe integrated Sachs Wolfe effect is a change in the fluctuations of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background due to evolution of the Universe according to the standard Big Bang model. It is due to the gravitational redshift induced by photons f)
• 1968Events Undated Booker Prize for Fiction is established by Booker plc. 1968 is known as the year of the Prague Spring and also the year of the Paris riots. The ASCII character code is standardized as ANSI Standard X3. Nauru adopt his national anthem of the - Martin ReesSir Martin John Rees (born June 23, 1942) has been Astronomer Royal since 1995 and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge since 2004. Educated at Trinity College, he studied in the United States before taking a professorship at Sussex University. Returning and Dennis Sciama theoretically predict microwave background fluctuation amplitudes created by photons traversing time-dependent potential wells
• 1969 - R. A. Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich study the inverse Compton scattering of microwave background photons by hot electrons (see Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect)
• 1990 - The Cosmic Background Explorer ( COBE) satellite shows that the microwave background has a nearly perfect black-body spectrum and thereby strongly constrains the density of the intergalactic medium
• 1992 - The COBE satellite discovers anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background
• 2003 - the WMAP satellite produces a high resolution map of the cosmic microwave background.