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Theoretical physics attempts to understand the world by making a model of reality, used for rationalizing, explaining, predicting physical phenomena through a "physical theory". There are three types of theories in physics; mainstream theories, proposed theories and fringe theories. Some physical theories are backed by observation, whereas others are not. A physical theory is a model of physical events and cannot be proved from basic axioms. A physical theory is different from a mathematical theorem. Physical theories model reality and are a statement of what has been observed, and provide predictions of new observations.
Physical theories can become accepted if they are able to make correct predictions and avoid incorrect ones. Physical theories which are simpler tend to be accepted over theories which are complex. Physical theories are more likely to be accepted if they connect a wide range of phenomena. The process of testing a physical theory is part of the scientific method.
Theoretical physics is just one important part of physics; the other part is experimental physics. The difference between theoretical physics and mathematical physics is that mathematical physics finds the mathematical rigor required in mathematics to be more important than the contact with experiments and observations.
1 Mainstream theories
Mainstream theories (sometimes referred to as central theories) are the body of knowledge of both factual and scientific views and possess a usual scientific quality of the tests of repeatability, consistency with existing well-established science and experimentation.
Some examples of mainstream physical theories are:
- Classical mechanics
- Condensed matter physics
- Dynamics
- Electromagnetism
- Field theory
- Fluid dynamics
- General relativity
- Particle physics
- Quantum mechanics
- Quantum field theory
- Quantum electrochemistryThe scientific school of Quantum Electrochemistry was founded in the 1960s by Revaz Dogonadze and others. Quantum Electrochemistry is a new scientific direction of Theoretical Physical Chemistry on Quantum Mechanical aspects of Electrochemistry. Works of
- Solid state physics and the electronic structure of materialsA semiconductor is a material that is an insulator at very low temperature, but which has a sizable electrical conductivity at room temperature. The distinction between a semiconductor and an insulator is not very well-defined, but roughly, a semiconducto
- Special relativitySpecial relativity (SR or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein. It replaced Newtonian notions of space and time, and incorporated electromagnetism as represented by Maxwell's equations. The theory is
- Standard ModelThe Standard Model of particle physics is a theory which describes the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces, as well as the fundamental particles that make up all matter. It is a quantum field theory, and consistent with both quantum mecha
- Statistical mechanicsStatistical mechanics is the application of statistics, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. It provides a fr
- ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. Thermodynamics is closely related to statistical mechanics from which many thermodynamic relationships can be derived. While dealing with processes in which sys
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