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Name used from classical times until the twentieth century
to designate a great tract of Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Pacific Ocean. To the north lies Siberia, to the south (going from the Caspian eastward) lies Persia, Kashmir, Tibet and China. Again, from west to east, it is divided into three parts:
- Turkestan
- subdivided into
- Russian Turkestan
- comprising Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia ( Turkish speaking) and Tajikistan ( Persian speaking)
- and
- Chinese Turkestan
- comprising Sinkiang or Xinjiang ( Turkish speaking) and DzungariaDzungaria (also Junggar, Jungaria, Sungaria, Zungaria) is a physical region, covering approximately 777,000 km˛, within the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. History Historically, Dzungaria was a Mongolian kingdom of Central Asia. ( MongolThe Mongolic languages are group of languages spoken in Central Asia. Some linguists propose the grouping of Mongolian languages with Turkic (of which Turkish is a member) and Tungusic as Altaic languages, but this is not universally agreed upon. The best speaking)
- MongoliaAlternative meaning: Mongolia (region Mongolia ( Khalkha Mongolian: is a landlocked country in Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south. After the conquest of China by the Mongol Empire, much of Mongolia was ru
- comprising
- TuvaTuva or Tyva ( Russian: , Respublika Tyva [Tuva] (pop. 310,300, census 2002) is a constituent republic of Russian Federation, 170,500 km˛ (65,830 mi˛, ranked 24th), located in extreme southern Siberia, bordering the Altai Republic on west, Khakassia Repub or North Mongolia ( Turkish speaking)
- Outer Mongolia ( Mongol speaking)
- Inner Mongolia ( Mongol and Chinese speaking)
- Manchuria
- comprising
- Outer Manchuria ( Russian speaking)
- Inner Manchuria ( Chinese speaking)
Russian Turkestan was known as 'Independent' Tatary and Chinese Turkestan, Mongolia and Manchuria were together known as Chinese Tatary. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Russia annexed independent Tatary, North Mongolia and Outer Manchuria. China has retained Chinese Turkestan, inner Mongolia and inner Manchuria.
See also: Tartary, Tatars
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