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Synchronization has several subtly distinct sub-concepts:

• Rate synchronization
• Phase synchronization
• Time offset synchronization
• Time order synchronization

Two different time sequences may be synchronized in one sense without being synchronised in another, or synchronised at one time scale whilst being asynchronous in another.

Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous. Some systems may be only approximately synchronised, or plesiochronous.

For some applications relative offsets between events need to be determined, for others only the order of the event is important. The idea of simultaneity has many difficulties, both in practice and theory.

1 Some uses of synchronization

• Synchronization of image and sound in sound film.

• Synchronization is important in fields such as digital telephony , videoVideo is the technology of processing electronic signals representing moving pictures. A major application of video technology is television, but it is also widely used in engineering, scientific, manufacturing, and security applications. Other uses of vi and digital audioDigital audio describes sound recording and reproduction systems which work by using a digital representation of the audio waveform. Technology overview The most common method of creating digital audio is Pulse-code modulation (PCM). PCM digital audio is where streams of sampled data are manipulated.

• SynchronizerThe term synchronizer can mean more than one thing. In automotive engineering, a synchronizer is part of the drive train of a vehicle. In electronics, a synchronizer helps prevent metastable states by re-clocking signals. In film editing, a synchronizer is are needed in digital electronic systems such as microprocessorIntel 80486DX2 and an Intel 80386 A microprocessor (abbreviated as P or uP is an electronic computer central processing unit (CPU) made from miniaturized transistors and other circuit elements on a single semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) (aka microchs to deal with asynchronous inputs without generating metastable stateMetastability is the ability of a non- equilibrium state to persist for a long period of time. Usually metastability is due to a relatively slow phase transformation. For example at room temperature diamonds are metastable because the phase transformations.

• EncryptionThis article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. For an overview of cryptographic technology related to encryption, see cryptography. In cryptography, encryption is the process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special systems usually require some synchronization mechanism to ensure that the receiving cipher is decoding the right bits at the right time.

• Automotive transmissionIn mechanics, a transmission is the gear and/or hydraulic system that transmits mechanical power from a prime mover (which can be an engine or electric motor), to some form of useful output device. Transmissions are used for the following basic reasons: Ts contain synchronizerThe term synchronizer can mean more than one thing. In automotive engineering, a synchronizer is part of the drive train of a vehicle. In electronics, a synchronizer helps prevent metastable states by re-clocking signals. In film editing, a synchronizer is which allow the toothed rotating parts (gears and splined shaft) to be brought to the same rotational velocity before engaging the teeth.

• Synchronization is also important in industrial automation applications.

• Time codes are often used as a means of synchronization in film, video, and audio applications.

• Technologies such as GPS and NTP provide real-time access to a close approximation to the UTC timescale, and are used for many terrestrial synchronization applications.

• Flash photography, see Flash synchronization

Whilst well-designed time synchronization is an important tool for creating reliable systems, excessive use of synchronization where it is not necessary can make systems less fault-tolerant, and hence less reliable.