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An example of a small superstate would be the republic of Yugoslavia before its breakup at the end of the cold war.
An example of an ancient superstate would be China, under various dynasties.
An example of a 20th century superstate would be the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).
An example of an emerging superstate would be the European Union
Although constitutionally structured as federal republics, the United States of America and modern Germany are not considered superstates, since the primary identification of the nationality of its citizens is with the nation as a whole, rather than as citizens of its constutuent states. As this viewpoint did not prevail in the early years of the U.S., it could reasonably be considered to be a superstate in that period of its history.