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A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple majority in order to have effect. For example: in some jurisdictions, parliamentary procedure requires that any action that may alter the rights of the minority has a supermajority requirement (such as a two-thirds majority). Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature.The European Union Council of Ministers, in order to balance the interests of small and large member states, uses a qualified majority system for its decision-making.
The United States Senate requires a supermajority of 60 percent to move to a vote through a cloture motion, allowing a large minority to filibuster.
The United States Constitution requires a supermajority of two-thirds of both houses of Congress to propose a Congress-driven constitutional amendment; it also requires a three-fourths supermajority of state legislatures for final adoption of any constitutional amendment.
See also
- List of democracy and elections-related topicsThis is a list of articles related to democracy and the various aspects of a democratic system, most notably elections. In general, all the following articles have at least some connection with the democratic decision-making process. Government Government
- Absolute majorityAbsolute majority is a supermajoritarian voting requirement which is stricter than a simple majority. It means that more than half of all the members of a group, including those absent and those present but not voting, cast votes in favor of a proposition
- MinoritarianismMinoritarianism (also often called minority rule is a political philosophy or agenda which asserts that a segment of a country's population (sometimes categorized by religion, language or some other identifying factor) to which a minority of its citizens
- PluralityA plurality (or "relative majority") is the largest share of something, which may or may not be a majority. Some elections or types of votes require merely a plurality, while others require a runoff to produce a majority. See also List of democracy and el
Elections
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