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• In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule undergoing a reaction, for which the presence of an enzyme lowers the activation energy. The substrate binds with the enzyme's active site, and the enzyme provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation enthalpy.
• In industrial printing, substrate is used to describe the base material that images will be printed onto. Depending on the printing process and end use of the product, these materials include (though are not limited to) films, foils, textiles, fabrics, plastics, and any variety of paper (lightweight, heavyweight, coated, uncoated, paperboard, cardboard, etc.).
• In the semiconductor industry a substrate is, a normally single crystal, wafer of material upon which semiconductor devices can be fabricated using epitaxial crystal growth and photolithography. Depending on the material and application the substrates can be between 5 and 30 cm in diameter. They are prepared by cutting large synthetic cylindrical crystal boules (or ingots) into slices and polishing the surface to a high degree of smoothness.
• In biologyBiology studies the variety of life clockwise from top-left E. coli tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology is the science of life. It is concerned with the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how species and individuals come into existence, an, a substrate is an environmentAn environment is a complex of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. An environment may be thought of as a superset, of which the given system is a subset. An environment may have one or more parameters, p in which an organismIn biology and ecology, an organism is a living being. The origin of life and the relationships between its major lineages are controversial. Two main grades may be distinguished, the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes are generally considered to lives, and which it feeds on. For example, in many households, a bruised appleMalus domestica Malus sieversii Apple is the fruit ( pome) of the genus Malus belonging to the family Rosaceae, and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. Table apples are of the species M. domestica or hybrids of it. Botanical origins Kazakhst is a substrate for the growth of a fungusChytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. Included are the conspicuous mushrooms, but also many microscopic forms such as molds and yeast.
• In linguisticsBroadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. The study of linguistics can be thought of along three major axes, the endpoints of which are described below: Synchronic and diachronic Sy, a substrate or substratumIn linguistics, a substratum is a language which influences another one while that second language supplants it. It is one of three possible types of linguistic interference. A language, "A", occupies a given territory. A language, "B" (brought, for examp refers to words borrowed from a language formerly spoken in a region, into the language currently spoken. For example, the FrenchFrench le francais la langue francaise is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered only by Spanish and Portuguese. French is the 11th most spoken language in the world, spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother to word chêne, meaning oak, is borrowed from the Gaulish language, a Celtic language formerly spoken in France.