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The gauge factor of a strain gauge relates strain to change in electrical resistance. The gauge factor is defined by the formula where is the resistance of the undeformed gauge, is the change in resistance caused by strain, and is strain.
For measurements of small strain, semiconductor strain gauges are often preferred over foil gauges. A semiconductor gauge usually has a larger gauge factor than a foil gauge. Semiconductor gauges tend to be more expensive, more sensitive to temperature changes, and are more fragile than foil gauges.
Electronics