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Spacefaring requires the vehicle assembly and launch facilities, as well as advanced astronautics, and a program to train astronauts. The problems of life support must be solved in proportion to the distance travelled. Presently there has never been a mission outside of the Earth- Moon system, though the dream of travelling to Mars is persistent in literature and popular culture.
Science Fiction often deals with more advanced spacefaring cultures, and the opportunities and challenges that this might bring to such societies.