| • Science | • People | • Locations | • Timeline |
Shonen-ai is usually less explicit or sexual than yaoi. Usually the characters involved in shonen-ai are of a much younger age than those in yaoi. Shonen-ai is very popular in Japan, especially among schoolgirls and housewives, and is often to be found as part of shojo anime or manga. It has also found a strong audience in America, especially among 18–24 year old heterosexual women.
Ironically, the term shonen-ai is not used as often in Japan; the wasei-eigo construction Boys Love (ボーイズラブ boizu rabu but usually rendered as English, occasionally spelled Boy's Love or Boys' Love, or abbreviated BL) has largely displaced it, due to associations of the original term with pederasty or pedophilia (which were not borrowed into English usage). (This is doubly ironic, since the similar English term boylove has the exact meaning Boys Love was coined to avoid.) The Japanese Wikipedia link on the side of this page links to boizu rabu rather than to shonen-ai.
The appeal of shonen-ai is somewhat hard to decipher, and harder to understand. The far majority of readership is young and female, and as such, the stories are drawn by and market to a female audience. Morbid curiousity about taboo subjects may account for some of the interest, though many enthusiasts say they are drawn to the beauty and distance of the characters, as well as the idealistic depiction of male love. Some argue because shounen ai excludes females from the relationship, it is sexually non-threatening its female audience while still allowing them to identify with its characters. Others would argue that it is perfectly natural for women to be turned on by the idea of love and sex between males - after all, who would argue that the liking for lesbian erotica displayed by many men is due to its "non-threatening" nature?
Most readers/viewers are likely exposed to a particular series through their peers or friends and begin to empathize with the characters and/or develop a fascination with homosexual relationships, especially those fans who are of a creative mind and enjoy watching how different people function in different situations. The scope of the fanbase shonen-ai has found in the United States is large. In the U.S., Gravitation alone has grossed $9 million in profits and is the best-selling (and most difficult to obtain) comic book/manga series in America in twenty years.
Shonen-ai must be differentiated from actual homosexual-market comics; the relationships depicted are between boys, often as young as fourteen, twelve or even ten years old, and are often completely psychologically impossible. The dynamics depicted are unrealistic — the goal of shonen-ai is the perpetuation of fantasy, not an actual taste of the homosexual life. Though some gay market-oriented comics have been published in Japan, they have always been underground, independent affairs, with small circulation and little coverage.
The term JUNE has also been used in Japan, although only with respect to original works (that is, never to what would in English be called slash fiction), and mainly in reference to what is widely considered the first popular shonen-ai published, JUNE Magazine . This magazine, reaching its height of circulation in the mid-1980s, romanticized and worshipped the binanshi, or beautiful boy, in contrast with today's popular term, bishounen. Most professionally published shonen-ai manga has since been published primarily in mainstream girls' magazines. A thriving market for gay-themed doujinshi (independent, fan-produced comics) has also grown recently in Japan, revolving primarily around the yearly Comiket. Comiket, a large annual convention featuring multiple convention floors of (primarily amateur) manga and gekiga artists selling their works, has an entire basement floor devoted to shonen-ai and yaoi.
Some series that include shonen-ai elements of various degrees include: