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A ship canal is a canal especially constructed to carry ocean-going ships, as opposed to barges. Ship canals can be enlarged barge canals, canalised or channelized rivers, or canals especially constructed from the start to accommodate ships.

For a canal to qualify as a ship canal, it must have a minimum depth of at least 5 metres (16.4 feet), although many are much deeper. The purpose of a ship canal is:

To create a shortcut and avoid lengthy detours.
To create a navigable shipping link between two land-locked seas or lakes.
To provide inland cities with a direct shipping link to the sea.

List of important ship canals:

White Sea-Baltic Canal in Russia, 141 miles (227 km) long, opened in 1933, is partly a canalised river, partly an artificial canal, and partly some natural lakes.
Suez Canal in Egypt, 100 miles (160 km) long, opened in 1869, links the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
Volga-Don Canal in Russia, 62 miles (100 km) long, opened in 1952Summary of notable events in 1952 . Events January events January 8 West Germany has 8 million refugees inside its borders. January 24 Sudden heavy snowfall in Algeria. January 24 Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada-born Governor-General of Canada., connects the BlackNASA MODIS The Black Sea (also known as the Euxine Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara, and to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch. There is a, Azov, and Caspian SeaThe Caspian Sea is a landlocked sea in Asia. It is bordered by Russia ( Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran ( Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces), Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan, with the central Asian steppes to the ns.
Kiel CanalThe Kiel Canal (in German Nord-Ostsee-Kanal formerly Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal is a 98 kilometre long waterway linking the North Sea at Brunsbuttel to the Baltic Sea at Kiel-Holtenau. An average of 280 nautical miles is saved by using the Kiel Canal instead of in GermanyThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east, 60 miles (98 km) long, opened in 1895Events January events January 5 Dreyfus Affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. February events February 14 First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnes. Shortens the passage between the North SeaThe North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. A bay of the North Sea is Skagerrak, bet and the Baltic Sea.
Houston Ship Canal in the USA, 56 miles (91 km) long, connects Houston, Texas to the Gulf of Mexico.
Alphonse XIII Canal in Spain, 53 miles (85 km) long, opened in 1926, mostly canalised river. Links Seville to the Gulf of Cadiz .
Panama Canal in Panama, 51 miles (82 km) long, opened in 1914. Links the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean, creating a shortcut.
Manchester Ship Canal in England, 35 miles (57 km) long, opened in 1894. Links Manchester to Irish Sea.
Welland Canal in Canada, 28 miles (45 km) long, opened in 1931. Links Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.

Navigability

The standard used in the European Union for classifying the navigability of inland waterways is the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN) of 1996, adopted by The Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), which defines the following classes. (This table is incomplete.)

Class	Tonnage	Draught	Length	Width
Class III	1,000 t
Class IV	1,350 to 1,500 t	2.5 m	80 m	9.5 m
Class V	2,000 t	2.7 m	95 m	11.5 m
Class VII	14,500 to 27,000 t

Canals

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