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2 Ithna Ashariya

3 Ismailiya (Ismailis)

4 Zaidhiya (Zaidis)

5 External links

The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful sucessor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam. Unlike the Caliph, the Imam must be descended from Muhammad, through his daughter Fatima Zahra and her husband Ali. This belief is what led to the split between the Shia and Sunni, as the Shia felt that Ali was the rightful sucessor of Muhammad (which Shias believe is indicated by his actions at Ghadir Khom), while the Sunni felt that it was Abu Bakr.

1 Sects

Within Shiism there are various sects that differ over the number of Imams, or path of succession. The issue of who is the rightful Imam has led to the growth of numerous sects within Shiism including: Ismailis (Seveners), Zaidis (Fivers), Alawites, Druze, and others.

2 Ithna Ashariya

According to the majority of Shia, or the Twelvers, the following is a listing of the rightful sucessors of Muhammad according to their beliefs. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, except for Husayn who was the brother of Hasan.

Ali ibn Abu Talib ( 600Alternate uses, see Number 600. Events The moldboard plow is invented in eastern Europe Possibly the first reference to chess, in the Persian work Karnamak-i-Artakhshatr-i-Papakan. The Persians begin to use windmills for irrigation. Pope Gregory I codifie - 661Events Caliph Ali Ben Abu Talib is assassinated. He is succeeded by Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, first Umayyad caliph Emperor Tenji ascends to the throne of Japan Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards, following the death of their father A)
Hasan ibn Ali ( 625Events Pope Boniface V succeeded by Pope Honorius I Births Adamnan, abbot of Iona Empress Wu Zetian of China Deaths Pope Boniface V 625. - 669Events Theodore appointed Archibishop of Canterbury Births Justinian II, Byzantine emperor Deaths Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and second Shia Imam 669.)
Husayn ibn Ali ( 626Events July 2 In the early morning, Li Shimin, the future Emperor Tang Taizong of China, eliminated two of his brothers, Li Yuanji and the crown prince Li Jiancheng in a coup d'etat at the Xuanwu Gate in Chang'an. September 3 Emperor Gaozu of Tang China a - 680Events October 10 Battle of Kerbela November 12 The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn)
Ali ibn Husayn ( 658 - 713), also known as Zainul Abideen
Muhammad al Baqir ( 676 - 743)
Jafar as Sadiq ( 703 - 765)
Musa al Kazim ( 745 - 799)
Ali ar Rida ( 765 - 818)
Muhammad at Taqi ( 810 - 835)
Ali al Hadi ( 827 - 868)
Hasan al Askari ( 846 - 874)
Muhammad al Mahdi ( 868 - ?))

3 Ismailiya (Ismailis)

The Ismailis believe that the first six Imams listed above are the rightful sucessors of Muhammad, but differ beginning with the seventh, believing that Ismail bin Jafar was the rightful sucessor, and not his brother Musa al Kazim. From Ismail bin Jafar, the Ismaili line of Imams diverges to the descendents of Ismail, from whom the Aga Khans claim descent and their continuity. See [1].

4 Zaidhiya (Zaidis)

The Zaidis believe that the first four Imams listed above are the rightful sucessors of Muhammad, but differ beginning with the fifth. The Zaidis believe that Zayd bin Ali, and not his brother Muhammad al Baqir was the rightful sucessor to the Imamate. The Imamate for Zaidis is thus transferred from Zayd bin Ali to the other Imams who followed him, they often took the title of caliph. Unusually, the Zaidi caliphate was not hereditary, although the caliph has to be descended from Ali.

5 External links

Lists of office-holders *Shia Imam

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Topics: Shia Imam, Sects, Ithna Ashariya, Ismailiya (Ismailis)...

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