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A subclass of distributive shock , shock refers specifically to decreased tissue perfusion resulting in end-organ dysfunction. Cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 released in a large scale inflammatory response results in massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and hypotension. The decreased intra vascular volume (plasma volume) results in the above tissue hypoxia. Finally, in an attempt to offset decreased blood pressure, ventricular dilatation and myocardial dysfunction will occur.
The various shock conditions include: septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, adrenal insufficiencyIn medicine, adrenal insufficiency is the inability of the adrenal gland to produce adequate amounts of cortisol in response to stress. Causes can include: Acute adrenal insufficiency Addison's disease ( autoimmune adrenalitis) Waterhouse-Friderichsen syn, and anaphylaxisAnaphylaxis is a severe and rapid allergic systemic reaction to an allergenic trigger substance ( atopic or anaphylactic hypersensitivity). Minute amounts of trigger substances may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylaxis may occur afte.
The process of infection by bacteria or fungi can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of serverity, these are bacteremiaBacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the blood, and is the means by which local infections spread hematogenously to distant organs. It is typically transient rather than continuous, which is why blood cultures must be repeated at intervals to determi or fungemia ; septicemia; systemic inflammatory response syndromeIn medicine systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with a variety of causes such as severe trauma, burns, shock or pancreatitis. SIRS is part of sepsis. intensive care medicine. (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shockSeptic shock is a serious medical condition causing such effects as multiple organ failure and death in response to infection and sepsis. Its most common victims are children and the elderly, as their immune systems cannot cope with the infection as well; multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, and deathThis page deals with death, the cessation of life. For other meanings of death, see death (disambiguation). Death is a term that can refer to either the termination of life in a living system, or the state of that organism after that event. A common perce.
The condition develops as a response to certain microbial molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response. Besides TNFα, other cytokines involved in the development of septic shock include interleukin-1β, and interferon γ.
Treatment primarily consists of antimicrobial chemotherapy, removal of the source of infection, and hemodynamic, respiratory, and metabolic support. Antimediator agents may be of some limited use in certain clinical situations.