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The coalition comprised:
After Napoleon Bonaparte mounted an expedition to Egypt and, in spite of several land victories, was unable to transport his army back by sea after the Battle of the Nile, a number of France's enemies prepared a new alliance with Britain to undo his previous conquests. Austria and Russia raised fresh armies for campaigns in Germany and Italy in 1799Events March 1 Federalist James Ross becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate. March 7 Napoleon captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives. March 29 New York passes a law aimed at graduall.
In Italy, Russian general Aleksandr SuvorovAleksandr Vasilievich Suvorov (sometimes transliterated Suvarov , Count Suvorov of Rimnik, Prince of Italy ( November 24, 1729 May 18, 1800), Russian generalissimo, born in Moscow, descended from a Swede named Suvor who emigrated to Russia in 1622. He ent won a string of victories driving the French under MoreauJean Victor Marie Moreau ( February 4, 1763 September 2, 1813), French general, was born at Morlaix in Brittany. His father was an avocat in good practice, and instead of allowing him to enter the army, as he attempted to do, insisted on his studying law out of the Po valley, and forcing them back on the French AlpsThe Alps is the collective name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria in the east, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany, through to France in the west. The highest mountain in the Alps is the Mon and the coast around GenoaAlternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). Genoa ( Italian Genova (jen'o-vah), Genoese Zena (zay'nah), French Genes is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of Liguria. It has a population of ca. Genua was a city of the ancient Ligurians.. However, the Russian armies in Switzerland were defeated by Andre Massena, and Suvorov's army was eventually withdrawn for political reasons.
In Germany, Archduke Charles drove the French under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan back across the Rhine, and won several victories in Switzerland. Jourdan was replaced by Massena.
By the end of the year, Napoleon had returned from Egypt, leaving his army behind, and took control of France in a coup d'etat. He reorganized the French armies and command for the next year's campaign.
In 1800, Napoleon took personal command of the army in Italy, and eventually won a victory at the Battle of Marengo against the Austrian general Michael Melas , driving the Austrians back towards the Alps.
In Germany, General Moreau defeated Archduke Charles at the Battle of Hohenlinden, forcing him to sign an armistice.
In February 1801 the Austrians signed the Treaty of Lunéville, accepting French control up to the Rhine and the French puppet republics in Italy and the Netherlands. The subsequent Treaty of Amiens between France and Britain began the longest break in the war between France and Britain during the Napoleonic period.