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Home > Schengen treaty

The Schengen treaty is an agreement originally signed on June 14, 1985, by five European Union countries ( Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and Germany). The agreement was signed aboard the ship Princesse Marie-Astrid on the Moselle River, near Schengen, a small town in Luxembourg on the border with France and Germany.

Its goal was to end border checkpoints and controls within the Schengen area and harmonize external border controls. It was created outside the European Union (then European Community) framework, because of the failure to achieve unanimity in this subject among all of the countries of the European Community.


On June 19, 1990 the above countries (Germany, France and the Benelux nations) signed a further document called the Schengen Convention (or more fully Convention applying the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 between the governments of the states of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of checks at their common borders).

Additional countries have since also joined the convention, making the full number of signatories twenty-five:

First full implementation began with seven member states in July 1995 -- the initial five nations plus Spain and Portugal. Other nations followed likewise:

The ten newest members of the European Union won't implement the treaty before 2006 or later, with the date of application set for every country independently from the others -- therefore currently only fifteen countries can be said to be full members of the Schengen Treaty.

On May 19, 2004, the European Commission announced in consequence of talks between European and Swiss officials that it expected Switzerland to join the Schengen treaty within the next three years. Switzerland signed the agreement to join Schengen on October 16 of the same year.

All Schengen countries except Norway, Iceland and Switzerland are European Union members. Two EU members ( Ireland and the United Kingdom) have opted to remain outside the Schengen area.

A protocol attached to the Treaty of Amsterdam incorporated the developments brought about by the Schengen agreement into the European Union framework. Among other things the Council of Ministers took the place of the Executive Committee which had been created under the Schengen agreement.

The islands Helgoland ( Germany) are outside the Schengen area.



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