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Two male goats were to be brought to the place of sacrifice along with a bull as part of the Korbanot (" sacrifices") in the Temple in Jerusalem. The high priest then cast lots for the two goats. One goat was offered as a burnt offering, as was the bull. The second goat was the scapegoat. The high priest placed his hands on the head of the goat and confessed the sins of the people of Israel. The goat was then led away into the wilderness, bearing the sins of the people with it, to be claimed by the fallen angel Azazel.
In Christian theology, the story of the scapegoat in Leviticus is interpreted as a symbolic prefiguation of the self-sacrifice of Jesus, who takes the sins of humanity on his own head, having been driven into the 'wilderness' outside the city by order of the high priests.
Figuratively, a scapegoat is someone selected arbitrarily to bear blame for a calamity. Scapegoating is the act of irrationally holding a person, group of people, or thing responsible for a multitude of problems.
Scapegoating is an important tool of propaganda. For example, in Nazi GermanyThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east the JewThe word Jew is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to either a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or a member of the Jewish culture or ethnicity. This article discusses the term as describing an ethnic group; for as were singled out as the source of Germany's economic woes and political collapse.
Scapegoating is often more devastating when applied to a minority group, as they will by definition be in the minority, and thus find it difficult to defend themselves. A tactic often employed is to characterize an entire group of individuals according to the unethical or immoral conduct of a small number of individuals belonging to the group.
Some other common "scapegoated" groups of individuals throughout history have been blackThis article is about the color black; for other uses, see Black (disambiguation). Black is a color with several subtle differences in meaning. Color or light Black can be defined as the visual impression experienced in directions from which no visible lis, immigrants, Communists, CapitalistIn economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. Not all usages of the word assume actual ownership of capital. Some philosophers and political theorists, such as Ayn Rand and David Friedman, uses, " witches", women, the poor, the Jews, Gays, the disabled and gypsies.
In industrialized societies, scapegoating of traditional minority groups is increasingly frowned upon. In the extreme, this may result in socially-enforced rules regarding speech, as in political correctness.
Scapegoating may be applied to organizations. For example, corporations or governments are seen by some as responsible for an exaggerated multitude of social problems. Political correctness may be a contributing factor in the development of such beliefs regarding corporations, particularly where a highly developed sense of tolerance towards traditional minority groups clashes with a continued (and some would say unjustified) need to lay blame.
Compare: moral panic; hue and cry; witchhunt