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right Timur's mausoleum Gur-e Amir at Samarkand
The city of Samarkand was founded prior to the 3rd millennium BC. During most of its history it was a part of the Persian Empire.
Lying on the trade routes ( silk road) between China and the Middle East, Samarkand prospered. At times in its history Samarkand has been the greatest city of Central Asia. Alexander the Great captured the town in 329 BC (see AfrasiabAfrasiab near Samarkand, Uzbekistan is both a historical city and its legendary founder. The person Afrasiab, is said to be king of all Turan, and thus perhaps an emblem of Turkic peoples generally speaking, is mentioned in Persia's classic epic, Ferdowsi, SogdianaSogdiana Sugdiane O. Sughuda was a province of the Achaemenian Empire, the eighteenth in the list in the Behistun Inscription of Darius (i. 16), corresponding to the modern districts of Samarkand and Bokhara (in modern day Uzbekistan). It lay north of Bac).
Under Arab rule (from the 7th century6th century 7th century 8th century other centuries) Events The religion of Islam starts in Arabia, the Qur'an is revealed, and Arabs spread Islam into Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Central Asia. Sutton Hoo ship burial, East Anglia (modern AD), the city flourished as a trade center until the devastation of the city by the MongolsThe Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China, particularly Inner Mongolia. They currently number about 8. 5 million and speak the Mongol language. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by led by Genghis KhanGenghis Khan ( Mongolian: Jenghis Khan Jinghis Khan Chinghiz Khan Jinghiz Khan Chinggis Khan Changaiz Khan original name Temujin Temuchin Mongolian: (c. 1155/ 1162/ 1167 August 18, 1227) was a great Khan of Mongol Empire and a military leader. Following t ( 1220Centuries: 12th century 13th century 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe).
Timur (Tamerlane) ( 1336Events End of the Kemmu restoration and beginning of the Muromachi period in Japan. Start of the reign of Emperor Komyo of Japan, second of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders discovery of the Canarian Islands (Lanzarotte Malocello) Foundation of Vijayanagar - 1405) was born at Kesh , situated some 50 miles south of Samarkand. Upon taking power as a chieftain, Timur rebuilt the city to its former glory. Samarkand became the capital of his empire, which extended from India to Turkey. In 1404 Timur ordered the mausoleum called Guri-Emir ("Tomb of the Emir") for his beloved grandson, Mukhammad Sultan. The mausoleum became the burial site of the Timurid dynasty Ulugh Beg, grandson of Timur, became the shah's governor in Samarkand in 1409 and ruled the country for 40 years. In Samarkand Ulugbek created a scientific school, which united outstanding astronomers and mathematicians. At Ulugbek's observatory (built 1428 1429) there was a gigantic but precisely made marble sextant there, with a radius of 40.212 meters. The length of the arc is 63 meters.In 1868, the city came under Russian rule, and it became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Tashkent. Samarkand is one of the largest Persian-speaking cities of Central Asia and an important center of the Iranian architecture.