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Salzburg (population 145,000 in 2003) is a city in western Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg (population 520,000 in 2003). The geographic coordinates of Salzburg are 47.81 degrees north, 13.04 degrees east.
The city is well-known for its baroque architecture, extensive history, and as a gateway to the Alps.
The city is located on the banks of the Salzach river, at the northern boundary of the Alps. The backdrop of mountains to the south contrasts with the rolling plains to the north. The closest alpine peak - the 1972m Untersberg - is only a few kilometers from the city center. The inner city, or old town, is dominated by its baroque towers and many churches. This area is surrounded by two smaller mountains, the Mönchsberg and Kapuzinerberg . The city is approximately 150km east of Munich, and 300km west of Vienna.
The first settlements at Salzburg were apparently begun by the Celts.
Around 700, the Roman Empire founded Juvavum on the site of modern-day Salzburg. Juvavum was an important town of the Roman province of Noricum. A Roman Catholic diocese was formed in the town, which later became an archdiocese responsible for Bavaria.
The economic wealth of the town during this time was based on saltProperties General Name Sodium chloride Chemical formula Na Cl Appearance White or clear solid CAS-number 7647-14-5 Physical Formula weight 58. 4 amu Melting point 1074 K (801 °C) Boiling point 1738 K (1465 °C) Density 2. 2 ×103 kg/ m3 Crystal structure f-mining. The salz in the town's name is the German word for salt. The town's river was a main artery for transporting salt mined in nearby mountains.
Successive archbishop princes moulded the town, with the most influential being Wolf Dietrich who was largely responsible for the shape of the city today. His influence saw the creation of the towering Salzburg cathedral, the Mirabell Garden , and other landmarks.
During World War IIWorld War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The war was fough, the city was lucky not to sustain heavy damage from Allied bombing runs. The towns bridges and the dome of the cathedral were demolished, however much of the town's baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, it is one of the few remaining examples of a town of its style.
In 19651965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). Events January-February January 4 United States President Lyndon Johnson proclaims his " Great Society" during his State of the Union address. January 14 Prime Ministers of N, the movie The Sound of MusicThe Sound of Music is a Broadway musical and movie based on a true story. It contains many hit songs, including "Edelweiss", "My Favorite Things", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" and "The Lonely Goatherd", as well as the title song. Julie Andrews as Maria, seeks g was filmed in Salzburg and the state of Salzburg. The movie was based on the true story of Maria von TrappMaria von Trapp was born Maria Kutschera in Austria on 26 January 1905. She died on 28 March 1987. While a nun in a convent in Salzburg, she was asked to nurse one of the 7 children of a widowed naval commander Georg, Ritter von Trapp. Maria and Georg fel, a Salzburg-based nun who took up with an aristocratic family and fled German occupation. Although the film is relatively unknown to Austrians, the town draws a large percentage of visitors who wish to relive the movie by visiting the filming locations.