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When the Arabs met the Byzantine Greeks, these called themselves Rhomaioi, or Romans, and the Arabs, therefore, called them "the Rüm" as a race-name, their territory "the land of the Rüm", and the Mediterranean "the Sea of the Rüm." The original ancient Greeks they called "Yünãn" ( Ionians), the ancient Romans, "Rüm" and sometimes "Latin'yun" (Latins). Later, because Muslim contact with the Byzantine Greeks most often took place in Asia Minor, the term Rüm became fixed there geographically and remained even after the conquest by the Seljuk Turks, so that their territory was called the land of the Seljuks of Rüm, or the Sultanate of Rüm. But as the Mediterranean was "the Sea of the Rüm", so all peoples on its north coast were called sweepingly "the Rüm". In Spain any Christian slave-girl who had embraced Islam was named Rumiya, and we find the crew of a GenoeseAlternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). Genoa ( Italian Genova (jen'o-vah), Genoese Zena (zay'nah), French Genes is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of Liguria. It has a population of ca. Genua was a city of the ancient Ligurians. vessel being called Romans by a Muslim traveller. The crusades introduced the FranksCharlemagne or Karl der Grosse ( Charles the Great) in Frankfurt The Franks formed one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that covers part of today's France (Ifranja), and later Arabic writers recognize them and their civilization on the north shore of the Mediterranean west from Rome; so Ibn KhaldunAbu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami ( , May 27, 1332/ah732 to March 19, 1406/ah808) was a famous North African historiographer, historian and proto-sociologist. Biography Ibn Khaldun ( Tunis, 1332 Cairo, 1406) is widely acclaimed a wrote in the latter part of the 14th century13th century 14th century 15th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. Events The transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age Beginning of th. Even in the modern-day Maghrebsee also North Africa, Arab Maghreb Union, Mashreq) The Maghreb (or Moghreb), meaning "west" in Arabic, is the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile specifically, the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisi, any Westerner is liable to be called Rumi in the countryside at least, and the French language is often called ar-Rumiyya.

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica