Home > Robert Craufurd

As captain in the 75th regiment he first saw active service against Tippoo Sahib in 1790-92. The next year he was employed, under his brother Charles, with the Austrian armies operating against the French. Returning to England in 1797, he soon saw further service, as a lieutenant-colonel, on Lake's staff in the Irish rebellion. A year later he was British commissioner on Suvarov's staff when the Russians invaded Switzerland, and at the end of 1799 was in the Holder expedition.

From 1801 to 1805 Lieutenant-Colonel Craufurd sat in parliament for East Retford, but in 1807 he resumed active service with Whitelock in the unfortunate Buenos Aires expedition. He was almost the only one of the senior officers who added to his reputation in this affair, and in 1808 he received a brigade command under Sir John Moore. His regiments were heavily engaged in the earlier part of the famous retreat, but were not present at CorunnaA Coruna (previously also known in English as Corunna Galician A Coruna Spanish La Coruna is a Galician city, in northwestern Spain. It is the capital of A Coruna province. As of the 2003 census, the population of the city of A Coruna was 243,902, and the, having been detached to VigoVigo is the largest city in the Galicia region of northwestern Spain. As of 2003 census, the population of the city of Vigo proper was 292,566, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 420,672, ranking as the 14th-largest urban area, whence they returned to England.

Later in 1809Events January 16 Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of Corunna. February 3 Illinois Territory was created. February 11 Robert Fulton patents the steamboat. February 20 A decision by the Supreme Court of the United States states t, once more in the PeninsulaThe Peninsula War ( 1808- 1814) was a major conflict during the Napoleonic Wars. The war was fought in the Iberian Peninsula between Spain, Portugal and the British against the French. Progress of the War In November 1807 the Emperor Napoleon sent an army, Brigadier-General Craufurd was three marches or more in rear of Wellesley's army when a report came in that a great battle was in progress. The march which followed is one almost unparalleled in military annals. The three battalions of the Light Brigade (43rd, 52nd and 95th) started in full marching order, and arrived at the front on the day after the battle of TalaveraThe battle of Talavera was fought on July 27 and 28 of 1809 and resulted in the difficult victory of the British and Spanish under the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington against the French under King Joseph., having covered 62 m. in twenty-six hours. Beginning their career with this famous march. these regiments and their chief, under whom served such men as CharlesSir Charles James Napier ( August 10, 1782 August 29, 1853) was a British general and Commander-in-Chief in India. The city of Napier, New Zealand is named after him. A quote for which Napier is famous involves a delegation of Indian locals approaching hi and WilliamSir William Francis Patrick Napier ( December 7, 1785 February 12, 1860), British soldier and military historian, third son of Colonel George Napier (1751-1804) was born at Celbridge, near Dublin. He became an ensign in the Royal Irish Artillery in 1800, Napier, ShawSir James Shaw-Kennedy ( 1788 1865), British soldier and military writer, was the son of Captain John Shaw, of Dalton, Kirkcudbrightshire. Joining the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Light Infantry in 1805, he first saw service in the Copenhagen Expedition of 1807 a and Colborne, soon became celebrated as one of the best corps of troops in Europe, and every engagement added to their laurels.

Craufurd's operations on the Coa and Agueda in 1810 were daring to the point of rashness, but he knew the quality of the men he led better than his critics did, and though Wellington censured him for his conduct, he at the same time increased his force to a division by the addition of two picked regiments of Portuguese Cacadores. The conduct of the renowned Light Division at Busaco is described by Napier in one of his most vivid passages.

The winter of 1810-1811 Craufurd spent in England, and his division was commanded in the interim by another officer, who did not display much ability. He reappeared on the field of the battle of Fuentes d'Onoro amidst the cheers of his men, and nothing could show his genius for war better than his conduct on this day, in covering the strange readjustment of his line which Wellington was compelled to make in the face of the enemy.

A little later he obtained major-general's rank; and on the 19th of January 1812, as he stood on the glacis of Ciudad Rodrigo , directing the stormers of the Light Division, he fell mortally wounded. His body was carried out of action by his staff officer, Lieutenant Shaw of the 43rd, and, after lingering four days, he died.

He was buried in the breach of the fortress where he had met his death, and a monument in St Paul's cathedral commemorates Craufurd and Mackinnon, the two generals killed at the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo. The exploits of Craufurd and the Light Division are amongst the most cherished traditions of the British and Portuguese armies. One of the quickest and most brilliant, if not the very first, of Wellingtons generals, he had a fiery temper, which rendered him a difficult man to deal with, but to the day of his death he possessed the confidence and affection of his men in an extraordinary degree.

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica