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• Among historians, revisionism has traditionally been used in a completely neutral sense to describe the work or ideas of a historian who has revised a previously accepted view of a particular topic. As historical research techniques change many fields of research go through periods of controversy as younger historians seek to revise established knowledges.
  • This usage has declined amongst some historians because within the field of Holocaust studies revisionism has come to specifically designate historical or pseudo-historical work which aims to deny the extent of the Jewish Holocaust.
  • More generally, revisionism is used by non-historians as a pejorative term for biased historical work which denies that some past events took place. See historical revisionism.

• Territorial revisionism is sometimes used as an euphemism for revanchism. The term has some usage in European post- Cold War debate, where many ethnic minorities hope to change the state borders drawn up after World War II.

• Revisionist Zionism was a movement founded by Vladimir Jabotinsky, who argued that the terms of the British Mandate in Palestine should be revised to make explicit the objective of creating a Jewish state there. Today's Likud party is a direct descendant of the Revisionists.

Revisionism in Socialism

Revisionism has often been used as a term of abuse within socialism. It has, however, been used in different ways at different times about different socialist trends.

• In late 19th century revisionism was used to describe writers such as Eduard Bernstein and Karl Kautsky who sought to revise the teachings of Karl Marx by claiming that a violent revolution was not necessary to achieve socialism. In all further uses of this term, there was an initial intent to create "guilt by association" between the abused socialist, and the actions of Berstein and Kautsky in opposing violent revolution. See reformism.

• In the 1940s and 1950s within the international Communist movement, revisionism was used to describe Communists who focused on consumer goods production instead of heavy industry, accepted national differences and encouraged democratic reforms. Revisionism was one of the charges leveled at national communists or Titoists in a series of purges beginning in 19491949 is the common year starting on Saturday. see link for calendar) Events January-February January 4 RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 February 22 Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming, in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe is, by convention, a region defined geographically as that part of Europe covering the eastern part of the continent. Generally this means that it lies between the Ural and Caucasus mountains and the western border of Russia, or alternative. After Stalin's death revisionism became briefly acceptable in HungaryThe Republic of Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. It is known locally as the Country of the Magyars or Magyarorszag''. Magyar Koztarsasag ( In Detail) ( Full s during Imre NagyImre Nagy (born in Kaposvar, in the then Austro-Hungarian Empire June 7 1896, executed June 16 1958) was Prime Minister of Hungary on two occasions. Budapest He was born in a peasant family and was apprenticed to a locksmith, before fighting in the Austro's government ( 19531953 is a common year starting on Thursday (click on link for the calendar). Events January events January 7 President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 13 Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugosl- 19551955 is a common year starting on Saturday. see link for calendar) Events January events January 2 Panama president Jose Antonio Remon is assassinated. January 19 The Scrabble board game debuts. February events February 8 Nikolai Bulganin ousts Georgi Mal) and in Poland during Wladyslaw GomulkaTime Magazine Wladyslaw Gomulka ( February 6, 1905, Krosno September 1, 1982) was a Polish communist leader. He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland starting in 1926. In the years 1951- 1954 he was imprisoned and removed from the Polish United Wo's government, although neither Nagy nor Gomulka described themselves as revisionists.

• Following the Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, many people, particularly intellectuals, resigned from western Communist parties in protest. They were sometimes accused of revisionism by "loyalist" Communists. E. P. Thompson's New Reasoner was an example of this revisionism. This movement eventually became known as the New Left.

• In the early 1960s, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China revived the term revisionism to attack Nikita Khrushchev and the Soviet Union over various ideological and political issues, as part of the Sino-Soviet split. The Chinese routinely described the Soviets as "modern revisionists" through the 1960s. This usage was copied by the various Maoist groups that split off from Communist parties around the world.