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The Republic of Canada was a short-lived provisional government proclaimed by William Lyon Mackenzie on December 13 1837. The government was established on Navy Island in the Niagara River in the latter days of the Upper Canada Rebellion after Mackenzie and 200 of his followers retreated from Toronto.

On December 29, Royal Navy Commander Andrew Drew and seven boatloads of Canadian militiamen crossed the Niagara River to Fort Schlosser . They captured the American supply steamer Caroline used by William Lyon Mackenzie and his rebels on Navy Island (see Caroline Affair). Drew's forces set the ship alight and sent it adrift towards Niagara Falls, resulting in the death of one American.

On January 13January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. It is still celebrated as New Year's Eve by those on the Julian calendar. There are 352 days remaining (353 in a leap year). Events 888 Odo, Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks. 1847 1838Events January 6 Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates the telegraph. January 8 Alfred Vail demonstrates a telegraph using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code) January 12 Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon flee Ohio for Missouri Marc Mackenzie abandoned Navy Island under heavy fire from British troops. He fled for BuffaloSee Buffalo for other places with this name. Buffalo is an American city located in western New York. With about 300,000 residents, it is the state's second largest city, after New York City, and is the county seat of Erie County 6. In the early 20th cent and was incarcerated for 18 months for violating the Neutrality ActSeveral United States laws have been called Neutrality Acts . The Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited American citizens from selling arms to belligerents in international war. It resulted from Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. The Neutrality Act of 1937 stated.