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General |
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| Name | Propane |
| Lewis Structure: H H H | | | H-C-C-C-H | | | H H H | |
| Chemical formula | C H3CH2CH3 or C3H8 |
| Formula weight | 44.10 amu |
| Synonyms | Dimethylmethane, LPG, Propyl Hydride |
| CAS number | 74-98-6 |
| UN number | 1978 |
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Phase behavior |
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| Melting point | 85.5 K (-187.6 °C) |
| Boiling point | 231.1 K (-42°C) |
| Triple point | 85 K (-188°C)
1.69E-09 bar |
| Critical point | 369.9 K (96.9°C)
42.5 bar |
| ΔsubHThe heat of sublimation is a physical property of substances at temperatures above their critical point, i. where the gas and liquid phases are not distinguishable. It is defined as the heat required to sublimate one mole of a substance at some combinatio | 28.5 kJ/mol |
| ΔfusHHeat of fusion is the heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid chemical element at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature. The heat of fusion is equal to the heat of solidification. The energy that goes into m | 3.52 kJ/mol |
| ΔfusSThe Entropy of fusion of a substance represents the increase in the degree of disorder involved in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid. It is denoted as ΔS and normally expressed in J / mol · | J/mol·K |
| ΔvapHThe heat of vaporization is a physical property of substances. It is defined as the heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance at its boiling point under standard pressure (101325 Pa). The heat of vaporization is expressed in kJ/mol. The use of kJ/ | 19.4 kJ/mol |
| Solubility | 0.01 g/100ml |
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Liquid properties |
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| ΔfH0liquidThe standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states (the most stable form of the element or compound at 25 degrees Cels | -120 kJThe joule (symbol J also called newton metre or coulomb volt is the SI unit of energy and work. The unit is pronounced to rhyme with "tool", and is named in honour of the physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889). 1 joule 1 N · 1 m 1 newton · 1 metre 1 k/ molThe mole (symbol: mol) is one of the seven SI base units and is commonly used in chemistry. It measures the amount of substance of a system and is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 0 |
| S0liquid | 171 J/mol·K |
| Cp | 98.3 J/mol·K |
| Density | 0.582 ×103 kg/ m3 |
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Gas properties |
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| ΔfH0gas | -105 kJ/ mol |
| S0gas | ? J/mol·K |
| Cp | 73.6 J/mol·K |
| Safety | |
| Ingestion | Nausea, vomiting, internal hemorrhage. |
| Inhalation | Rapid breathing & heart rate. Headaches, mood disturbance, conufsion and seisures may occur. Danger of cardiac arrest in severe cases. |
| Skin | (Frostbite on exposure to cryogenic liquid) |
| Flash point | -104°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 450°C |
| Explosive limits | 2.1-9.5% |
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More info | |
| Properties | NIST WebBook |
| MSDS | Hazardous Chemical Database |
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SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references
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A three- carbon alkane, propane is sometimes derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing.
When commonly sold as fuel it is also known as liquified petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas) and is a mixture of propane with smaller amounts of propylene, butane and butylene, plus ethyl mercaptan as an odorant to allow the normally odorless propane to be smelled. It is used as fuel in cooking on many barbecues and portable stoves and in motor vehicles. Propane powers some buses, forklifts, and taxis and is used for heat and cooking in recreational vehicles and campers. In many rural areas of the US, propane is also used in furnaces, water heaters, laundry dryers, and other heat-producing appliances. Delivery trucks fill up large tanks that are permanently installed on the property (sometimes called pigs) or exchange bottles of propane.
Another use of propane is the application as propellant for aerosol sprays, especially after the ban of CFCs.