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The establishment of the Bishopric of Sion is a classic example of unified secular and diocesan authority.

The career of Albert of Buxhoeveden and his brother Herman exemplify the double nature of power, especially on the marches of Europe, where Roman Catholicism was pushed aggressively to the East. At the opening of the 13th century, the time of the Third Crusade, Albert, with a fleet of ships and a thousand crusaders, began the Christianization of the Eastern Baltic region, with the blessing of Pope Innocent III, his uncle the Archbishop of Hamburg and Bremen, and of King Philipp of the Holy Roman Empire, who created the former canon of Bremen Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (1207) and Livonia ( Latvia and part of Estonia) as a fief. The Prince built his own cathedral at Riga, the city that he founded.

Later relations between a prince-bishop and the burghers were not invariably cordial. As cities demanded charters from emperors or kings and declared themselves independent of the secular territorial magnates, friction intensified between burghers and bishops. This development, which characterized the rise of towns in the early Middle Ages, was re-enacted at a later date, when the Prince-Bishop of Münster, Christoph Bernhard von Galen, demanded the submission of this free Imperial city, and be siegeA siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that refuses to surrender and cannot be easily taken by a frontald it with troops— in 1657!. The Dutch were poised at the border, ready to defend the privileges of the old city. The city requested a Dutch garrison; the Dutch Republic hoped for negotiations; Emperor Leopold ILeopold I can refer to the following: Leopold I, Markgrave of Austria Leopold I, Duke of Austria and Styria Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau.'s envoy was turned away by the "cannon-bishop". In May 1661, the city of Münster surrendered to its bishop, who constructed a citadel, the Paulsburg within the city's walls.

The chief of the Prince Bishops was the Bishop of Rome, whose claims to territorial power were bolstered by the fraudulent document called the Donation of ConstantineThe Donation of Constantine ( Latin, Constitutum Donatio Constantini is a fraudulent Roman imperial edict, supposedly issued by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in AD 324, which purported to grant Pope Sylvester I and his successors sovereignty and spiritu. He was the last of the prince bishops and was divested of territorial powers when the Papacy gave up the rule of Rome in 1870Events January 6 The inauguration of the Musikverein ( Vienna). January 10 John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil January 15 A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the United States Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking.

In EnglandEngland is the largest, the most populous, and the most densely populated of the four " Home Nations" which make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Occupying the south-eastern portion of the island of Great Britain, England the famous Bishops of DurhamThe Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country. He is the senior bishop in the province of York, and sits in the House of Lords. Other duties include (with the Bishop of were also styled until 1836 as Prince Bishops, for it was their duty not only to be head of the diocese, but also to protect the Kingdom against the ScottishScotland or in Scottish Gaelic, Alba is a country and former independent kingdom of northwest Europe, and one of the four nations comprising the United Kingdom. Scotland occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Scotland took part in a p threat from the north. The title survived the union of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great BritainThe United Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the merger of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707 (see Act of Union 1707). A single parliament and government, based in Westminster in London, ran the entire kingdom. They had shared a monarch si in 1707.

The Bishops of Durham founded the University of Durham, one of the most prestigious and the third oldest university in England after the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.