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Home > Pharaoh


 Contents
Dynasties of Pharaohs
in Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period
1st Dynasty
2nd Dynasty
Old Kingdom
3rd Dynasty
4th Dynasty
5th Dynasty
6th Dynasty
First Intermediate Period
7th Dynasty
8th Dynasty
9th Dynasty
10th Dynasty
11th Dynasty
Middle Kingdom
12th Dynasty
Second Intermediate Period
13th Dynasty
14th Dynasty
15th Dynasty
16th Dynasty
17th Dynasty
New Kingdom
18th Dynasty
19th Dynasty
20th Dynasty
21st Dynasty
Third Intermediate Period
22nd Dynasty
23th Dynasty
24th Dynasty
25th Dynasty
Late Period
26th Dynasty
27th Dynasty
28th Dynasty
29th Dynasty
30th Dynasty
31st Dynasty
Ptolemaic Dynasty

This article refers to the historical Pharaoh. For Pharaoh in the Book of Abraham, see Pharaoh (Book of Abraham).

Pharaoh (פרעה, Standard Hebrew Parʿo, Tiberian Hebrew Parʿoh) is a title used to refer to the kings (of godly status) in ancient Egypt. (See History of Egypt and monarch.) The term derives ultimately from the Egyptian words Pr-Aa O1:O29 meaning "Great House". Originally a term for the royal palace, this word came into vogue to refer to the king.

The earliest certain instance of the term "pharaoh" is in a letter addressed to Thutmose III in the mid- Eighteenth Dynasty (1539-1292 BC). By the Twenty-second Dynasty (c. 945-c. 730 BC) this usage had been extended and was now used occasionally just as hm.f "His Majesty" was used in earlier periods. It was not the official title but was used in letters to the monarch. It is frequently used by modern historians due to its use in the Bible, especially the Book of Exodus; although the Bible, at least in the Hebrew original, treats Pharaoh like a proper name rather than like a title.



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