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Kalm was born as the son of a Lutheran minister originating from Ostrobothnian Närpes, who during the Russian occupation had sought refuge in Angermannia, one of the northernmost provinces of then Sweden-Finland. Kalm grew up in Finland and studied there at the Academy of Åbo in Turku, from 1735 on, and from 1740 at the University of Uppsala, where he met the renown naturalist Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus (later, Carl von Linn ( May 23, 1707 January 10, 1778) was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. He is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology (see History of ecology). Biography Carl as one of his first students. Kalm became the superintendent of an experimental plantation in Uppsala.

In 1746 Kalm was appointed the associate professor of natural history and economics at the Åbo Academy in Finland, and as full professor in economics in 1747. The same year he was chosen by the Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungl. Vetenskapsakademin founded in 1739 by King Frederick I, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. The Academy is an independent organization, which acts to promote sciences, especially natural sciences and ma to travel to North America, to find seeds and plants which might prove useful for agriculture or industry. In particular, he was to send back the red mulberry, Morus rubra, in order that silkSilk (SERICVS / Gr. sigma;ηρικoς ("silken") SERES / Gr. Sigma;ηρες ("Chinese") or alternatively < Ch. or ( pronounced "si") meaning "silk", the pictogram representing two strands of silk. is a natural fiber industry might be started in Sweden (with Finland).

Kalm arrived in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania (the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is one of four states of the United States of America that is called a commonwealth. It has given its name to the Pennsylvanian time period in geology. Pennsylvania is called the Keystone State. Although Swed in 1748 and made his base of operations the Swedish-Finnish ex-patriate communities in southern New JerseyNew Jersey is a state of the United States of America and has the U. postal abbreviation of NJ . The state is named after the island of Jersey in the English Channel. The USS New Jersey one of the most decorated vessels in the United States Navy, was name, where he served as a pastor of a local church and married in 1750. He made trips as far west as Niagara Falls and as far north as QuebecQuebec ( In Detail) ( In Detail) National Motto: Je me souviens (I remember CapitalLargest city Quebec City Montreal Area Total % fresh water 2nd largest(1st lgst prov. 1 542 056 km² 11,5% Population Total (2004) Density Ranked 2nd 7 509 928 5,43/km² Admi, before returning in 1751. After his return he established a botanical garden in Turku, where he also taught at the Academy of Åbo until his death.

Kalm's journal of his travels was published as En Resa til Norra America (Stockholm, 1753–1761). It was translated into English in 1770 as Travels into North America. In his Species Plantarum, Linnaeus cites Kalm for 90 species, 60 of them new.

A student of Pehr Kalm's, Anders ChydeniusAnders Chydenius was the leading classical liberal of Nordic history. A Finnish priest and member of parliament, he published a book called The National Gain in 1765, in which he proposes ideas of free trade and explores the relationship between economy a (1729–1803), also a Finn, became one of the most notable politicians, scientists and clergymen of the eighteenth century Sweden-Finland. He is most of all remembered as an outspoken defender of freedom of trade and industry. In 1765, Anders Chydenius published his book "The National Gain", in which he proposed free trade and expressed the fundamental ideas of economic liberalism, eleven years before the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations.

Although Kalm's ethnicity and mothertongue became a topic first a century later, during the language strife in Finland and on, it can be noted that Kalm himself signed letters as Pehr Kalm, that he originated from Finland-Swedish Närpes and that all of his professional life was carried out in Latin and Swedish. This doesn't in any way change the fact that he was a Finn and that he worked all of his life in Finland, and that he is considered one of the early pioneers of Finnish science.