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Generally, patronage is the act of supporting or favoring some person, group, or institution. A patronage system has different characteristics depending on the area in which it is practiced. 1 Politics
Political leader s often have at their disposal a great deal of patronage, in the sense that they take decisions on the appointment of officials inside and outside government (for example on quangos). Patronage is therefore a recognised and legitimate power of the executive branch. In most countries it has the right to make many of appointment s, some of which may be lucrative, or sinecures. In some countries, high level appointments may be reviewed by the legislature; in other countries, such as those using the Westminster system, this is not the case. Some countries, such as the United States, permit the legislature to review some appointees, but not all.
In politics, patronage more narrowly defined is the practice by holders of political office of appointing their followers or fellow party members to positions,. For example, those could be high-level posts such as ambassadorships, or lower-level civil service posts. Even blue-collar jobs on the government payroll may be sought after. Such overt political patronage is seen as a tool for rewarding and enforcing loyalty; loyalty is the criterion for selecting a person rather than more meritocratic considerations. The selection process, if not the competence of the person, is then, naturally seen as questionable. There is a fine line dividing this from rewarding supporters corruptly with government contracts.
Political patronage, while common in almost all nations, is unpopular among voters and if too blatant, involving the appointment of grossly unqualified candidates, can hurt a leader. A common story of excessive patronage is Caligula's appointment of his horse to the Roman Senate (the actual story is more complicated than the version often related). Nepotism and cronyism are more specific types of abuse of patronage.
See also: political machineA political machine is an unofficial system of political organization, most prevalent in American cities between about 1875 and 1920, that was characterized by total "behind-the-scenes" control of municipal politics. It was mainly the larger cities that h.
2 The Arts
ClassicalThis article is about the broad genre of classical music in the Western musical tradition. For the period of music in the 18th century see Classical music era, for articles on classical music of non-Western cultures, see: List of classical music tradition musicians worked primarily under the patronage system: royaltyA royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally, the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant. The term "imperial family" more appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress regnant, while the terms "ducal fami or the churchThis article is about the Christian buildings of worship. For other uses of the word, see Church (disambiguation . Stanford University. A church is a building used in Christian worship. See also altar, altar rails, confessional, dome, nave, pew, pulpit, s provided resources for composers. That is, patrons operated as sponsorTo sponsor something is to support an event, activity, person or organization by providing money or other resources in exchange for something, usually advertising or publicity. Sponsorship may be an arrangement to exchange advertising for the responsibilis. This kind of system continues across many fields of the artsThis article discusses the term "arts". For the application, see aRts. The Arts constitute those areas of study, personal endeavour, and higher education (particularly at a post- secondary level) in fine art and humanities. Historical records of events ha. Though the nature of the sponsors has changed, the term patronage has a more neutral connotationIn logic and in some branches of semantics, connotation is more or less synonymous with intension''. Connotation is often contrasted with denotation which is more or less synonymous with extension''. See these articles for further information. In everyday than in politics. It may simply refers to direct support (often financial) of an artist, for example by grantFor places named Grant see: Grant, South Australia Grant, Florida, US Grant, Nebraska, US Grant, Wisconsin, US Grant Township, Michigan, US :(Note that there is also Grants, New Mexico, in the US. People whose surname or middle name is or was Grant includs.
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