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The Paris Peace Conference ( July 29 to October 15, 1946) resulted in the Paris peace treaties signed on February 10, 1947. The victorious wartime Allied powers (principally the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union) negotiated the details of treaties of peace for their lesser World War II enemies Italy, Romania, Hungary, BulgariaThe Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube., and FinlandSuomen TasavaltaRepubliken Finland ( In Detail) ( In Detail) National motto: None Official languages Finnish and Swedish Capital Helsinki President Tarja Halonen Prime minister Matti Vanhanen Area Total % water Ranked 64th 337,030 km² 9. 4% Population Tot. (See the List of countries involved in World War IIFormal Participants in World War II Axis Powers (signers of the Tripartite Treaty) Germany Italy Japan Co-signatories of the Tripartite Treaty Hungary ( November 20th, 1940) Romania ( November 23rd, 1940) Slovakia(1) ( November 24th, 1940) Bulgaria ( Marc.)
The treaties allowed Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland to reassume their responsibilities as sovereign states in international affairs and to qualify for membership in the United NationsFlag of the United Nations The United Nations or UN is an international organization made up of states. Almost all countries are members. It was established in San Francisco on October 24, 1945, following the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington, DC, b.
The settlement elaborated in the peace treaties included payment of war reparationsWar reparations refer to the monetary compensation provided to a triumphant nation or coalition from a defeated nation or coalition. The compensation is meant to cover damage or injury during a war. Generally, the term war reparations refers to money or g, commitment to minority rights and territorial adjustments including the end of the Italian colonial empire in Africa and changes to the Hungarian-Slovak, Romanian-Hungarian, Soviet-Romanian, Bulgarian-Romanian and Soviet-Finnish frontiers.
The political clauses stipulated that the signatory should "take all measures necessary to secure to all persons under (its) jurisdiction, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, the enjoyment of human rights and of the fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, of press and publication, of religious worship, of political opinion and of public meeting".
No penalties were to be visited on nationals because of wartime partisanship for the Allies. Each government undertook to prevent the resurgence of Fascist organizations or any others, "whether political, military or semi-military, whose purpose it is to deprive the people of their democratic rights."
Particularly in Finland, the dictated border adjustment was perceived as a major injustice and a betrayal by the Western PowersIn the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power national power or state power is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers middle po, after the sympathy Finland had received from the West during the Soviet-initiated Winter WarThe Winter War (also known as the Russo-Finnish War) broke out when the Soviet Union attacked Finland on November 30, 1939, three months after the start of World War II. As a consequence, the Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations on Decembe of 1939-40. The Soviet Union's accessions of territory in the Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) were confirmed.
The war reparation problem proved to be one of the most difficult arising from post-war conditions. The Soviet Union felt entitled to the maximum amounts possible, with an exception for Bulgaria, which was perceived as being the most sympathetic of the former enemy states. In the cases of Romania, Hungary, and Finland, the reparation terms as set forth in their armistices were relatively high and were not revised.
The collapse of the Soviet Union has not led to any formal revision of the Paris Peace Treaties, although the wars of the former Yugoslavia have occasioned fundamental territorial change in south-eastern Europe.