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Although the name PIDE was only used from 1945 to 1969, the whole network of secret polices using during the 50 years of the Regime are commonly known as PIDE.
The origins if the PIDE trace back to 1933, year of the instauration of the Estado Novo. Under direct orders from Salazar himself, the PVDE (Policia de Vigilância e de Defesa do estado, English: State Defense and Vigilance Police) was created, with 2 main sections:
In 1936, the Prision of Tarrafal was created in the Portuguese colony of Cape Verde. This prison, under direct control of the PVDE, was the destiny of the political prisoners which were considered dangerous by the regime. Throughout the almost 50 years of the Estado Novo, 32 people lost their lives in the Tarrafal, which was known by its severe methods of torture.
Also in 1936 with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and in 1937 with the attempt against Salazar's life, the PVDE started focusing in its battle against Communism and the underground Portuguese Communist Party. During this pre- World War II period, several Italian and German advisors came to Portugal, to help the PVDE to adopt a model similar to the GestapoGestapo is a portmanteau contraction of the name of the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, Geheime Staatspolizei ( German for "secret state police"). History The Gestapo was established on April 26, 1933 in Prussia. With members recruited from.
During World War II, the PVDE knew its most intense period of activity. LisbonLisbon (in Portuguese, Lisboa is the capital and largest city of Portugal. It is the seat of the district of Lisbon. Geography and Location Lisbon is situated at 38 degrees, 43 minutes north, and 9 degrees, 8 mintes west. It is located in the west of the was the European centre of espionage and one of the favourite exile destinies. Writers such as Ian FlemingIan Lancaster Fleming ( May 28, 1908 August 12, 1964) was a British author, best remembered for the James Bond series of novels. Biography Born in Mayfair, London, Ian Fleming was the younger brother of the travel writer, Peter Fleming. He was educated at (the creator of James BondFor the ornithologist see James Bond (ornithologist). The fictional character James Bond is a sophisticated British spy, invented by and appearing in books by Ian Fleming (and later Kingsley Amis, John Gardner, Raymond Benson and Charlie Higson). Fleming) and other famous personalities such as the Dukes of Windsor or the Spanish Royal Family were exiled in Lisbon. Several German officers who plotted against Hitler met with the British Secret Services in Lisbon, to trade information. The famous report that made the allies know of the V2The term V2 can refer to: The V-2 rocket, an early ballistic missile used by Germany during World War II Visual area V2, an area in the brain's occipital lobe. tests in Peenemunde was even known as the "Lisbon Report". Several American reports called Lisbon "The Capital of Espionage". However, the PVDE always maintained a neutrality stance towards foreign espionage activity, as long as no one intervened in the Portuguese Internal Policies.