Otter Physical Characteristics Diet Species North American

Otters have a dense layer 1,000 hairs/mm² (~650,000 hairs/in²) of very soft underfur which, protected by their outer layer of long guard hairGuard hairs are the longest, thickest hairs in a mammal's coat. They taper to a point and protect the undercoat from the elements. They are often waterproof and stick out above the rest of the coat. See also Fur.s, keeps them dry under water and traps a layer of air to keep them warm. Unlike most marine mammals ( sealsOtariidae Phocidae Odobenidae Pinnipeds are large marine mammals belonging to the Pinnipedia a family (sometimes a suborder or superfamily, depending on the classification scheme) of the order Carnivora. The true seals, sea lions, fur seals and Walrus are, for example, or whaleWhales are the largest species of exclusively aquatic placental mammals, dfsgRSFNjg A complete up-to-date taxonomical listing of all cetacean species, including all whales is maintained at the Cetacea article. Anatomy Like all mammals, whales breathe airs), otters do not have a layer of insulating blubberBlubber is a thick layer of insulating fat found under the skin of cetaceans and various other animals living in extremely cold climates ( seals, walruses). Blubber forms an important part of the traditional eskimo diet because of its high energy value., and even the marine Sea OtterSea Otter Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Subfamily: Lutrinae Genus Enhydra Species lutris Binomial name Enhydra lutris ( Linnaeus, 1758) The Sea Otter Enhydra lutris is a la must come ashore regularly to wash its coat in fresh water.

All otters have long, slim, streamlined bodies of extraordinary grace and flexibility, and short limbs; in most cases the paws are webbed. Most have sharp claws to grasp prey but the Short-clawed Otter of southern Asia has just vestigal claws, and two closely related species of African otter have no claws at all: these species live in the often muddy rivers of Africa and Asia and locate their prey by touch.

2 Diet

Fish is the primary item in the diet of most otters, supplemented by frogs, crayfish, and crabs; some have become expert at opening shellfish, and others will take any small mammals or birds that happen to be available. To survive in the cold waters where many otters live, the specialised fur is not enough: otters have very high metabolic rates and burn up energy at a profligate pace: Eurasian Otter s, for example, must eat 15% of their body weight a day; Sea OtterSea Otter Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Subfamily: Lutrinae Genus Enhydra Species lutris Binomial name Enhydra lutris ( Linnaeus, 1758) The Sea Otter Enhydra lutris is a las, 20 to 25%, depending on the temperature. In consequence, otters are very vulnerable to prey depletion: in water as warm as 10°C an otter needs to catch 100 g of fish per hour: less than that and it cannot survive. Most species hunt for 3 to 5 hours a day; nursing mothers up to 8 hours a day.

3 Species

3.1 North American River Otter

The North American River Otter (Lutra canadensis) was one of the major animals hunted and trapped for fur in North America after contact with Europeans. They are playful and active, making them a popular exhibit in zoos and aquaria, but unwelcome on agricultural land because they alter river banks for access, sliding, and defense. River otters eat a variety of fish and shellfish, as well as small land mammals and birds. They are 3 to 4 feet (1 m) in length and weigh from 10 to 30 pounds (5 to 15 kg). They were once found all over North America, but are rare or extinct in most places, although flourishing in some locations.

3.2 Sea Otter

The Sea Otter Enhydra lutris is found along the Pacific coast of North America. Their historic range included shallow waters of the Bering Strait and Kamchatka, and as far south as Japan. Sea otters have 1 million hairs per square inch of skin, a rich fur for which they were hunted almost to extinction. By the time they were protected under the 1911 Fur Seal Treaty, there were so few sea otters left that the fur trade had become unprofitable.

They eat shellfish and other invertebrates, and are frequently observed using rocks as crude tools to smash open shells. They are 2.5 to 6 feet (1 to 2 m) in length and weigh 25 to 60 pounds (30 kg). Although once near extinction, they have begun to spread again starting from the California coast.

3.3 Maxwell's Otter

A sub-species otter Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli (Maxwell's Otter) is thought to have lived in the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh of Iraq. It has been suggested that this may have become extinct as a result of the large scale drainage that has taken place since the 1960s.

4 European otters

Otters are also found in Europe. In the United Kingdom they were common as recently as the 1950s, but are now rare due to the former use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and as a result of habitat loss. Numbers reached a low point in the 1980s, but with the aid of a number of initiatives, by 1999 numbers were estimated to have recovered to just below 1,000 animals. Under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan it is hoped that by 2010 the otter will have been reintroduced to all the UK rivers and coastal areas that it inhabited in 1960. Roadkill deaths are now one of the significant threats to their reintroduction.

5 List of species

Genus Lutra

European Otter (Lutra lutra)
Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana)

Genus Hydrictis

Speckle-throated Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)

Genus Lutrogale

Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)

Genus Lontra

Northern River Otter (Lontra canadensis)
Southern River Otter (Lontra provocax)
Long-tailed Otter (Lontra longicaudis)
Marine Otter (Lontra felina)

Genus Pteronura

Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Genus Aonyx

African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis)
Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus)

Genus Amblonyx

Oriental Small-clawed Otter (Amblonyx cinereus)

Genus Enhydra

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

6 External links

Mustelids

7 Other meanings

Otter is also a character from Norse mythology, son of Hreidmar. He could transform himself into an otter.

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1 Physical characteristics